韩国绿色种养循环农业发展概况与经验启示

联合国将碳中和视为当今世界最为紧迫的任务,而农业是温室气体排放最多的产业之一,各国相继出台政策积极开展农业农村减排工作。韩国自2012年开始逐渐减少海洋粪污排泄量,并大力实行绿色种养循环农业,解决本国内畜禽粪污问题。韩国作为中国的重要海上邻国,不论是从研究借鉴角度抑或生态系统共享角度,了解其环境保护政策都是十分必要的。本文从韩国实施的主要政策、各地区农地养分收支现状、代表性运营模式案例、政策关注焦点等方面介绍韩国绿色种养循环农业的发展概况,结合中国绿色种养循环农业现状开展研究。提出三点政策建议：第一,进一步完善畜禽粪污资源化利用机具补贴辅助管理系统,提高系统在农户中的普及率;第二,提高全民环保意识的同时,政府的角色不应局限自上而下的引导型,应该积极促进种植户和养殖户间的自发组织,并大力提倡吸纳社会资本,集结社会各方力量;第三,促进绿色种养循环农业产品的商品化和品牌化,从而调动农户参与绿色种养循环农业的积极性。

Overview on the Development of Integrated Crop-Livestock Recycling Farming Systems in South Korea

The United Nations considers "carbon neutrality" as the most urgent task in the world today, and agriculture is one of the industries that emits the most greenhouse gasses. In this context, many countries have introduced relevant measures and policies to reduce emissions of greenhouse gasses in agriculture industry and rural areas. Following the entry into force of the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter and its 1996 Protocol, South Korea has gradually reduced the discharge of manure into the sea since 2012 and vigorously implemented Integrated Crop-Livestock Recycling Farming Systems to solve the manure contamination problem from domestic livestock and poultry. As South Korea is an important maritime neighbor of China, it is very important to understand its environmental conservation policies, whether from the perspective of research and reference or from the perspective of ecosystem sharing. Therefore, this study introduces the general status quo of Integrated Crop-Livestock Recycling Farming Systems in South Korea in terms of the main policies, net nutrient balances in different regions, representative operating models, and policy concerns that currently under discussion. And based on the current situation of China''s Integrated Crop-Livestock Recycling Farming Systems, three pieces of advice are offered:First, further improve the subsidy management system for the utilization of livestock and poultry manure as a resource, and increase the popularity of the system among farmers. Second, while raising the national awareness of environmental conservation, the government''s role should not be limited to top-down management, but should also actively promote the voluntary organization among different types of farmers, and encourage the absorption of private capital and the social capital. Third, promote the marketing and branding of products from Integrated Crop-Livestock Recycling Farming Systems to inspire farmers to participate in the programs.