石油化工企业事故应急救援预案现状及改进建议

石油化工行业是一个高危行业 ,具有易燃易爆、高温高压、有毒有害的特点 ,发生事故的概率高 ,且后果严重。制定事故应急救援预案是风险控制措施的一个重要组成部分 ,可以有效地防止事故的扩大 ,减轻事故造成的财产和生命损失。笔者主要探讨应急救援管理层面上的问题 ;阐述了我国政府和有关部门在应急救援管理方面的有关规定 ,石化行业的应急救援体系 ;指出了目前事故应急救援预案存在的不完善、不规范 ,应急装备不完备和缺乏社会救援联动机制等问题 ;建议企业和政府联合制定应急预案 :形成企业、地方政府和国家三方事故应急救援联动机制 ,实现统一指挥 ,资源共享 ,协调作战 ,发挥整体应急救援能力。

Present Situation of Emergency Response Rescue Plan for Accidents in Petrochemical Enterprises and Their Improvement Recommendations

Petrochemical industry is a highly risky industry with characteristics of high flammability and explosibility, high temperature and pressure, and high toxicity and harm to health. Accidents are liable to occur with severe consequences. Emergency response rescue plan are the important part for controlling risk and remedy measures for other control measures. They could effectively prevent escalation of accidents and reduce the loss of properties and lives resulted from accidents. Issues of management aspects of emergency response rescues are focused. It will specifies on relevant regulations needed for different levels of government and related departments and the emergency response rescue systems for petrochemical industry. Drawbacks and imperfections existed in plan are pointed out. Also there is not enough equipment for emergency rescue and lack of social coordination mechanism. It is recommends that enterprise and government should jointly make emergency response rescue protocols to form an integrated emergency response rescue mechanism of three parties, i.e. enterprises, local government and the state, to realize the unified command, partake of resources, and coordinate operation, and to give full play to the whole response rescues.