青藏高原不同草地利用方式产生的原因及其对社会-生态系统的影响研究进展

20世纪90年代,青藏高原地区开始推行草地承包到户制度,但因种种原因,草地承包落实并不彻底,出现了单户利用和联户利用共存的局面。两种利用方式产生的原因及各自对社会-生态系统的影响引起了学术界的高度关注,已有众多研究人员对此问题进行了深入研究。论文通过对国内外相关文献的分析和总结,对这一研究领域中所取得的主要进展进行了回顾,并凝练出其中存在的主要问题,如对单户利用正面影响和对联户利用负面影响的认识不足等。在此基础上,有针对性地指出了未来研究应予以加强的几个方面,尤其需加强单户和联户利用的实证对比研究。

Advance in the Reasons for Two Different Grassland Use Patterns Formed and Their Each Effects on the Socio-ecological System on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

In 1990s, grassland contract system was introduced in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, but it has not been implemented thoroughly due to some reasons, and thus two distinct patterns of grassland contract emerged: the multi-household use pattern (MUP) that the grasslands were jointly managed by two or more households without fences between individual household pastures and the single-household use pattern (SUP) that grasslands were managed by individual household with fences demarcating the individual ownership. The reasons of these two patterns and their effects on socio-ecological system caused a wide concern, and researchers have extensively studied in recent years. In this paper, the major progress in this field is reviewed, extensive literature is analyzed and summed up, and common issues in present studies are discussed. In current studies, it lacks of the study in the advantages of the SUP and the weaknesses of MUP, and the coupled socio-ecological systems and properties in this special area are not fully concerned. Based on this, the paper lists several aspects that should be paid more attention in future study, such as the external reasons leading to the emergence of the SUP, possible consequences caused by the SUP, comparative study between the SUP and the MUP according to ecology, economy, society and culture, and the optimum number of households in the MUP.