采煤地区农户生活用能的碳排放及其影响机制

研究采煤地区农户生活用能的碳排放,有助于更好地认识和制定农村减排的相关政策。以渭北“黑腰带”中部白水县地下采煤区为例,采用对比分析法、联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的碳排放计算方法,定量探究采煤地区农户生活用能的碳排放及其影响机制。结果表明,采煤地区农户生活用能的碳排放（1 639.56 kg C/户）少于非采煤区（1 747.77 kg C/户）,前者主要来源于煤炭、薪柴、电能,三类能源贡献了96%以上,煤炭达61.72%;后者主要为薪柴、煤炭、秸秆、电能,较分散多元,整体以薪柴（41.30%）为主。采煤地区农户商品性能源消费 1 443.2 kgce/户,非采煤区为1 014.47 kgce/户,没有呈现用能结构向商品化转变而碳排放增多的状况。碳排放与用能类型、使用数量及排放系数相关,有碳排放的能源使用数量越多,排放系数越大,碳排放量越多。采煤是造成农户生活用能及其碳排放较正常状况下有所差异的根源和主要诱因。应改良用能灶具以提高利用热效,增加沼气等新型用能份额,关注用能的区域差异带来的不同排放效果。

Carbon Emission and Its Influence Mechanism of Rural Household Energy Use in the Coal Mining Area

Studying the carbon emission of coal mining area helps better understand and draw up the related policies of rural carbon emission reduction. Taking Baishui County of Shaanxi Province as an example, carbon emission and its influence mechanism of rural household energy use in coal mining areas are quantitatively probed into by questionnaire survey and comparative analysis. The questionnaires, face to face in-depth interviews and case studies are conducted in Qixiu and Panjia villages, Xigu township in a coal mining area, and in Taixiang village of Yaohe township, Tangzhai village of Shoushui township, and Fuzhuo village of Leiya township which are non-coal mining area as well. Three hundred and twenty one valid question-naires were collected, among which 165 are from the former group and 156 are from the latter group. The data collected include population per household, crop production and yield, type and quantity of energy use, energy apparatus, household income, and so on. Case studies were conducted by weighing the consumption amount of crop straw, firewood and coal per house-hold per day or days. Annual energy supply and demand per household are calculated by the weight of crop straw, firewood and coal, and by the actual measured quantity of coal, electricity, biogas, etc. The results show that the carbon emission (1639.56 kg C/household) of rural household energy use in the coal mining area is less than that (1747.77 kg C/household) in the non-coal mining area. The former is mainly from coal, firewood and electricity, which con-tribute to more than 96% of the total energy used. What’s more, the proportion of carbon emission from coal is up to 61.72%. The latter is primarily from firewood, coal, crop residues and electricity, which is more decentralized and diversified. On the whole, the carbon emission of firewood takes the highest proportion (41.30%). In the meantime, the commercial energy consumption of household (1443.2 kgce/household) in the coal mining area is more than that (1014.47 kgce/household) in the non-coal mining area. Through the above, there is no indica-tion of increased carbon emission caused by commercialization of energy structure in the coal mining area. Further, it might be seen that the carbon emission is directly related to types and quantity of energy used, and emission coefficient as well. That is to say, the more usage of carbon emission energy, and the greater the emission coefficient, the larger the carbon emission is. As far as the influence mechanism of carbon emission is concerned, coal mining is the root cause and main inducement that lead to the differences of rural household energy use and carbon emission between coal mining area and non-coal mining area. At last, several measures are put forward, which include improving energy cookers and promoting thermal effect, increasing the consumption of biogas, and paying close attention to different emission effect between different regions.