基于高分1号卫星和地面实测数据的杭州湾河口湿地植物物种多样性研究

遥感监测河口湿地植物物种多样性对于湿地生态环境的保护具有重要意义,利用遥感卫星准确反演湿地植物物种多样性一直是研究的难点。研究以杭州湾河口湿地植物为研究对象,利用地面实测数据,采用植物物种丰富度指数和Simpson指数分析了该湿地植物物种多样性水平。结合高分1号卫星影像,运用半变异函数对该区域植物物种多样性进行了空间异质性分析,探讨了高分1号卫星归一化植被指数（NDVI）用于湿地植物物种多样性监测的最佳遥感尺度,分析该植被指数与植物物种多样性指数的相关性,构建和应用了杭州湾河口湿地植物物种多样性遥感监测模型。结果表明：高分1号卫星NDVI监测湿地植物物种多样性的最佳尺度为19×19像元,利用该尺度及构建的遥感监测模型所得到的杭州湾河口湿地植物物种多样性水平与实际情况相吻合。研究证明利用高分1号卫星可快速有效地监测杭州湾河口湿地植物物种多样性水平。

Research on Plant Species Diversity in Estuarine Wetland of Hangzhou Bay Based on the GF-1 Satellite and in Situ Data

Plant species diversity monitoring in estuarine wetland using remote sensing has important significance for ecological environment protection. It is very difficult to accurately retrieve the plant species diversity of wetland by remote sensing. The in situ data in Hangzhou Bay wetland were measured in this study. The plant species diversity indexes, including the species richness index and Simpson index were used to analyze the wetland plant species diversity. The GF-1 (High Resolution) satellite image, combined with variation function was used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of plant species diversity in the region, and to explore the optimal scale of remote sensing plant species diversity monitoring. The correlation of the standard deviation of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) of GF-1 image and the plant diversity index was analyzed and the remote sensing model of plant species diversity in estuarine wetland of Hangzhou Bay was constructed. The current findings showed that the optimal scale of monitoring wetland plant species diversity at Hangzhou Bay was 19×19 pixel of GF-1 image. The retrieved wetland plant species diversity level of Hangzhou Bay using the remote sensing model with the optimal scale was consistent with the actual situation. Studies have shown that GF-1 satellite can be used to monitor the plant species diversity at Hangzhou Bay estuarine wetland quickly and effectively.