农地流转对农地与劳动力资源利用效率的影响——基于甘肃省农户调查数据的实证研究

本研究采用倾向得分匹配法（PSM）分别就农地流转对农地、农业劳动力、非农劳动力和总劳动力资源利用效率的影响进行了分析。结果表明,农户的农地转入和转出行为都能有效提高总劳动力资源利用效率,而农地转出行为在一定程度上降低了农地资源利用效率。农地转入户的总劳动力和农业劳动力资源利用效率比未参与流转的农户分别高2026.153元/人和4844.289元/人,两组农户间的农地资源利用效率差异不显著;农地转出户的总劳动力和非农劳动力资源利用效率比未参与流转的农户分别高3315.577元/人和2581.883元/人,其农地资源利用效率比未参与流转的农户低466.488元/亩。因此,农地流转不一定会提高农地资源利用效率,但有利于促进农村劳动力专业化,从而提高农村总劳动力资源利用效率。

Impact of farmland transfer on farmland and labor use efficiency: An empirical study of survey data from Gansu province,China

Inadequate farmland resources and reducing agricultural labors resulting from urbanization are main factors restricting the agricultural development of China. Farmland transfer is one of the most important ways to enlarge farmland scale, improve agricultural productivity and increase farmers' income in China. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of farmland transfer on the use efficiencies of farmland and labor resources, especially under the background of rapid development of farmland rental markets. To solve the selection bias problem of survey data, the propensity score matching (PSM) method was employed to estimate the effects of renting-in land and renting-out land on farmland, agricultural labor, off-farm labor and total labor use efficiencies. The results showed that, farmland transfer significantly improved the total labor use efficiency of households renting-in land and renting-out land, while renting-out land significantly reduced farmland use efficiency. Renting-in land significantly increased the agricultural labor use efficiency and total labor use efficiency by 4844.289 yuan per labor and 2026.153 yuan per labor, respectively, but it had no significant effect on farmland use efficiency. Renting-out land significantly increased the off-farm labor use efficiency and total labor use efficiency by 2581.883 yuan per labor and 3315.577 yuan per labor, respectively, but it significantly decreased the farmland use efficiency by 466.488 yuan per mu. Therefore, farmland transfer is not necessary to improve farmland use efficiency, while it is beneficial to specialization of agricultural labors and off-farm labors, and consequently improve labor use efficiency. The farmland transfer policy in China should continue to give great benefit to improving rural labor use efficiency, and some other ways such as breeding new crop varieties and reducing input costs should focus on improving the output of farmland.