面向配额分配模拟的工业行业碳排放绩效——以郑州市为例

开展工业行业碳排放绩效研究,对于落实碳减排承诺、完善碳交易体制、推动低碳产业发展具有重要意义。采用郑州市2013年181家工业企业的基础数据,通过构建碳排放综合绩效指标体系和配额分配模型,开展不同行业的综合绩效评价和配额分配模拟。主要结论如下:(1)不同行业的碳排放强度分布极不均衡且与碳排放总量具有一定的关联性,但关联类型不尽相同。电力、热力生产和供应业的碳排放强度最高(5.4115 t/万元),烟草制品业的碳排放强度最低(0.0046 t/万元)。(2)不同行业单位用地碳排放量、单位劳动力碳排放量差异较大。电力、热力生产和供应业的单位用地碳排放及单位劳动力碳排放明显高于其他行业。(3)碳排放综合绩效表明,电力、热力生产和供应业的碳排放绩效最低,汽车制造业的碳排放绩效最高。(4)不同行业因综合绩效的差异获得与基准年碳排放不同增减比例的配额,其中,电力、热力生产和供应业获得的配额最多,化学纤维制造业获得的配额最少。通过碳配额分配模拟,郑州市整体减排18.206万t,减排比例为5.56%。(5)建议完善行业配额分配方案,并试点实施以碳排放综合绩效评价为基础的行业配额分配,实现资源节约、环境保护和碳减排的协同。

Carbon emission performance of quota allocation simulation-oriented industry: The case study of Zhengzhou

The research on performance of industrial carbon emission is of great significance to the implementation of carbon emission reduction commitment, the improvement of carbon trading system and the promotion of low-carbon development. Based on the basic data of 181 industrial enterprises in Zhengzhou in 2013, the comprehensive performance evaluation and quota allocation simulation of different industries were carried out by constructing the comprehensive performance index system and quota allocation model of carbon emission. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The distribution of carbon emission intensity of different industries is extremely uneven and is associated to the total carbon emission to some extent, yet the types of associations are different. The carbon emission intensity of electric power, thermal power production and supply industry was the highest (5.4115 t/10000 yuan), while the carbon emission intensity of tobacco manufacturing industry was the lowest (0.0046 t/10000 yuan). (2) Carbon emission of per unit land and per unit labor varies greatly among different industries. The carbon emission per unit land and per unit labor of the electric power and thermal power production and supply industry is obviously higher than that of other industries. (3) The comprehensive performance of carbon emission shows that the lowest carbon emission performance is for electric power, thermal production and supply industries, and the highest for the automobile manufacturing industry. (4) Due to the difference in comprehensive performance of different industries, the quota with different proportions of increase or decrease of carbon emission in the base year is obtained. Electric power, thermal power production and supply industry take the most proportion of quota, while chemical fiber manufacturing industry gets the least. Through carbon quota allocation simulation, we found that the overall emission reduction of Zhengzhou is 182.06 million t, accounting for 5.56%. (5) It is suggested to improve the scheme of industry quota allocation and implement industry quota allocation experimentally based on the comprehensive performance evaluation of carbon emission, so as to achieve the coordination of resource conservation, environmental protection and carbon emission reduction.