农田保护经济补偿政策实施异质效应——基于DID模型的动态估计

论文以国内率先试点探索农田保护经济补偿政策的创新实践地区——成都和苏州为典型实证,基于2012和2015年两期农户动态跟踪调研数据,运用DID模型测量农田保护经济补偿政策实施异质效应及影响因素。结果表明：1）农田保护经济补偿政策的持续实施显著增加实践地区农民的政策满意度,激励农民参与农地流转,但对提升农民参与农田保护性耕作措施的作用较小。2）农田保护经济补偿政策实施成效具有显著异质性。2008年开始试点养老保障与农业补偿相结合的耕地保护基金政策的成都市,农户政策满意度的上升幅度相对较大。乡镇经济发达、长三角地区经济发展带重镇的苏州市,农户家庭生计多元,户均非农业收入占比达82.12%,较成都农户高2.66%,农地生计依赖较弱,补偿政策明显促进该区域农户参与农地流转,但农户农田保护积极性值却大幅下降。3）受访者的年龄、受教育水平、农田保护及功能认知、对农田保护政策关注程度、农业收入占比、家庭劳动力比例、调研村庄经济水平及受访村庄与最近城镇距离均会显著影响农田保护经济补偿政策实施成效。

Heterogeneous Implementation Effects of the Economic Compensation Policy for Farmland Conservation: Based on Difference-in-difference Dynamic Estimates

Chengdu and Suzhou are cities taking the lead in implementing the policy of economic compensation policy for farmland conservation. Taking Chengdu and Suzhou as examples, we use difference-in-difference (DID) estimators to measure the effects and influencing factors of the policy based on a tracking survey conducted in 2012 and 2015. The results are: firstly, the continuous implementation of the policy greatly improved farmers’ satisfaction and encouraged farmers to participate in land transfer, which helped realizing large-scale management of land operation but impeded farmers’ enthusiasm for protecting farmland and engaging in agricultural production. Secondly, there existed significantly regional differences in the implementation effects due to the disparities of economic development level and period of the policy implementation among regions. Specifically, Chengdu started the compensation policy first, and combined it with agricultural subsidies and pension security, so the policy gradually made some achievements. Meanwhile, farmers in Suzhou, one of the most developed areas in China where there are diverse livelihoods and high non-agricultural incomes, were highly encouraged to participate in land transfer instead of farmland protection and farm works. Finally, the effects of the policy implementation were significantly affected by the age, education, cognition of farmland function and conservation, attention to policy of farmland conservation of the farmers, labor forces and annual income from agriculture of the household, and the village’s economic condition and the distance to the nearest town.