中国大陆1990—2013年海岸线资源开发利用特征变化

利用遥感和GIS技术对中国1990—2013年23 a间大陆海岸线的变化情况进行了分析,从海岸线空间资源可持续利用角度,构建了海岸线开发利用负荷度和易损度指标,对我国大陆海岸线资源开发利用特征进行了评估,结果显示：1）中国大陆海岸线的变化主要体现在海岸线长度和形态的变化两个方面,长度上,中国大陆海岸线呈现出持续增加的趋势,23 a间增加了1 045.54 km;形态方面,大量的自然岸线转变为平直的人工岸线,人工岸线增加了4 398.14 km,年均增加约200 km。2）大陆海岸线的开发利用负荷不断增加,我国距离大陆海岸线1 km范围内海域被开发利用的面积比例已超过80%;大陆海岸线重度开发岸线长度为3 118.05 km,占总长度的16.43%,其中,河北、天津、山东、江苏、上海和浙江的重度开发岸线长度所占比例均超过了50%;海南、福建和广西区的未开发岸线比例超过60%。3）低易损度海岸线分布存在南北差异,北方沿海地区,除山东外,其他省区的高易损度海岸线所占比例均超过了15%,南方地区海岸线资源的易损度整体较好。海南省、广西区的可开发利用潜力较大,人工岸线与易损度存在正相关。论文可为海岸线空间资源管理和可持续利用提供支持。

Variation of Coastline Resources Utilization in Chinafrom 1990 to 2013

The coastlines of China were extracted using remote sensing and GIS techniques based on remote sensing images of Landsat TM, ETM+ and HJ-1A between the year of 1990 and 2013. Then the spatial-temporal changes of the length and utilization intensity of coastlines were analyzed. For the purpose of sustainable use of coastline, two evaluation indices that are utilization intensity and resources’ vulnerability were put forwarded. The results show that: 1) the length coastline of China increased 1045.54 km during the research period. A large number of natural coastlines were changed into artificial coastlines, so the length of artificial coastlines increased by 4398.14 km. The proportion of artificial coastlines in China reached 56.29% in 2013. 2) The intensity of coastlines utilization was increasing in the past two decades. The proportion of developed and utilized area within one kilometer to coastline has reached 80%. The length of heavily used coastline is 3118.05 km, accounting for 16.43% of the total length. The heavily used coastline in Hebei, Tianjin, Shandong, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Zhejiang respectively takes more than 50%, and the unutilized coastline takes less than 30% of the length in each province. While the unutilized coastline in Hainan, Fujian and Guangxi all take more than 60% of the length. 3) The coastlines with low vulnerability mainly distribute in Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan and Shandong. Highly vulnerable coastlines account for more than 15% in northern coastal areas except Shandong Province.