农业文化遗产地“三产”融合度评价——以云南红河哈尼稻作梯田系统为例

工业化和城市化过程中,城乡经济差距日益拉大,农村衰落已成为城市化过程中各国面临的共同问题。2015年中央政府提出了“农村一二三产业融合发展”推动农村经济发展的政策,引起了众多学科研究者从不同角度开展研究,但相关研究多以理论探讨为主。农业文化遗产地作为一个以遗产保护为前提的特殊农村地区,如何推动一二三产业（下称“三产”）融合发展,如何量化“三产”融合度,研究尚待深入。基于对农业文化遗产特点、资源特征以及农业文化遗产保护要求等方面的分析,阐释了农业文化遗产地“三产”融合发展的概念和内涵,并构建了由产业融合度与劳动力融合度组成的农业文化遗产地“三产”融合度评价方法体系及具体核算方法。以云南红河哈尼稻作梯田系统十大片区所在的8个乡镇为对象进行评价,结果表明,产业融合度分项指数间越均衡则产业融合度越高;各乡镇分项指数和产业融合度的数值皆很小,有巨大的“三产”融合发展空间;新街镇一二三产业的劳动力融合度领先,其中第三产业贡献率最大;农业文化遗产地“三产”的产业融合与劳动力融合有较高的正相关性（r=0.67）,显著水平在10%以下（P=0.069<0.1）。推动“三产”融合发展可以有效促进农民在本地就业,对于保护农业文化遗产有着重要意义。

The evaluation of industrial integration level of important agricultural heritage sites:A case study of Yunnan Honghe Hani rice terraces

With industrialization and urbanization, the economic gap between rural areas and urban areas is widening. The rural decline has become a problem facing most of the countries. Under this background, the policy of industrial integration development was proposed by the central government of China, aiming at propelling rural economic development. The policy attracted researchers from different disciplines to conduct research from different perspectives. However, most studies have just explored the theories of industrial integration in rural areas, and the quantified case studies are still hardly found. Especially for the Important Agricultural Heritage System (IAHS) Sites as a special rural area, how to promote the development of industrial integration and how to quantify the integration level among primary, secondary and tertiary industries is poorly documented. Thus, in this study, considering the characteristics, resource features and protection demands of IAHS sites, we proposed the concept and connotation of industrial integration development in IAHS sites, and set up an evaluation methodology consisting of industrial integration degree (IID) and labor integration degree (LID) and calculation methods. Taking the eight towns in the Honghe Hani rice terraced systems site, Yunnan as an example, we evaluated the IID and LID of each town. The results are shown as follows. The more balance among the sub-indices of IID and LID of each town, the higher the industrial integration level; all the sub-indices of IID and LID of each town are very small, and a huge development space exists for every town. In the eight towns, Xinjie Township has a highest IID and LID due to the biggest contribution from the tertiary industry; a highly positive correlation is between the IID and the LID of each township (r=0.67), which is below 10% in significance level (P=0.069<0.1). In conclusion, in IAHS sites, integrated industrial development can enhance the employment percentage of local people.