三江平原保护区社区居民对湿地生态系统服务功能的贡献意愿

为了解社区对维持保护区湿地生态系统服务功能的贡献意愿,研究选取三江平原5个湿地自然保护区及其社区,依据条件价值评估法设计双边界二分式问卷,进行实地走访调查,从居民社会经济背景等方面探讨影响贡献意愿的因素、居民支付意愿（WTP）和劳动意愿（WTW）的差异。结果表明：1）居民对湿地生态系统服务的劳动意愿（73.57%）高于支付意愿（55.65%）,居民的抗议支付率随WTP和WTW投标值增加呈上升趋势,人均WTP为387.25±7.08元/a,WTW为31.40±0.39 h/月;2）月收入水平较高及对支付金钱有较高接受程度的受访居民,其WTP相对较高;加入环保类协会、对付出劳动的接受程度较高、受教育程度较高及男性的受访居民,则有较高的WTW;3）49.46%的居民愿意同时贡献金钱与劳动,远高于其他贡献意愿类型。建议在保护区的资源保护与管理实践中鼓励社区参与,充分发挥社区居民乐于提供志愿服务时间的贡献意愿。

Community Residents’ Willingness to Contribute to Wetland Ecosystem Services in Sanjiang Plain Nature Reserves

This paper conducted a questionnaire survey in communities of five nature reserves in Sanjiang Plain, using double bounded dichotomous choice model of the contingent valuation method to explore residents’ willingness to contribute to ecosystem service in nature reserves. We found that: 1) the residents had higher willingness of labor contribution (73.57%) than willingness of financial contribution (55.65%), the mean willingness to pay (WTP) by individual being 387.25±7.08 yuan per year and the mean willingness to work (WTW) being 31.40±0.39 hours per month. 2) Residents with higher income and higher acceptance of paying money expressed higher WTP for ecosystem service. Male residents and those who joined environmental defense association, were better educated or had higher acceptance of paying money expressed higher WTW for ecosystem service. 3) 49.46% of the residents are willing to contribute both money and labor, whose proportion is much higher than other types of contribution, and people in this group averagely showed higher WTP and WTW. To take full play of the location advantage in the practice of nature reserves management, we suggest to encourage community volunteers to participate in the ecosystem conservation.