Life cycle assessment of traditional and alternative bricks: A review |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, China;2. China Oilfield Services Limited, Tianjin, 300451, China;3. PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, 610056, China;4. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil and Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China;1. School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;2. School of Architecture & Built Environment, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;1. Departamento de Engenharia Civil, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rua Passos da Pátria 156, 3° andar, Sala 365, Bloco D, São Domingos, 24210-020 Niterói, RJ, Brazil;2. Departamento de Construção Civil, Escola Politécnica da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Athos da Silveira Ramos, 149, Ilha do Fundão, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco D, 207, Cidade Universitária, 21.941-909, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;3. Departament d’Enginyeria Mecanica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Paisos Catalans, 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;1. Dept. of Projects and Rural Engineering, Public University of Navarre, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;2. Faculty of SEC, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, KT1 2EE London, UK |
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| Abstract: | Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a solid tool to assess the potential environmental impacts in construction industry, an important material in this industry is the brick, along time several traditional and alternative bricks were developed and assessed environmentally by LCA. The purpose of this article is to review the literature related to LCA of bricks, responding important topics to characterize and guide future studies. Out of Traditional Bricks (TB), there are Alternative Bricks with Organic (ABO) and Inorganic (ABI) additives, that use wastes from several industries and differ of TB in the omission of firing for a stabilization process, however, to omit firing is hard and stabilization still needs further improvements. The principal system boundaries and tools for LCA were also reviewed. Regarding the most present impact categories, they were: Climate change (CC), Human Toxicity (HT) and Freshwater Ecotoxicity (FE), in every category, production is the stage of highest impact, and in the productive process, drying and burning processes have the highest potential impacts. Future searches could continue to study on new materials (wastes) for development of new ABO and ABI, to quantify the benefits of reusing wastes, and to study, either the replacement of firing with stabilizing processes, or the use of biomass as fuel source in firing, and to develop studies in different countries to create national datasets that will make future studies more representative. |
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