中国农田主要温室气体排放特征与控制技术

全球气候变化已成为不争的事实，已经引起了各国科学家和政府的高度重视。人类活动向大气中排放的二氧化碳（CO2）、甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）等温室气体浓度的增加是导致气候变化的重要原因之一。农田土壤是这三种温室气体的重要来源。文章概述了农田土壤CO2、CH4和N2O三种主要温室气体的排放机制，系统总结了国内对这三种温室气体排放通量的观测研究，提出了相应的减排技术对策，并对目前的研究问题和未来的发展方向作了深入的探讨，以期为控制农田土壤温室气体排放、发展低碳农业提供参考依据。

The characterization of greenhouse gases fluxes from croplands of China and mitigation technologies

Global climate change has an increasingly significant and far-reaching impact on all nations in the world. It therefore becomes a focus of attention by international communities. Most of the global warming observed over the past hundred years was likely induced by the increase in concentrations of greenhouse gases （GHGs）, such as carbon dioxide （CO2）, methane （CH4）, and nitrous oxide （N20）, due to human activities. Agricultural cropland soil is an important source of these three greenhouse gases. This paper overviewed the emission mechanism of the three kinds of main GHGs from cropland soils of China, summarized the relate researches on the three kinds of GHGs, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures on the emission mitigation. Finally, it discussed the present problems and the future development direction for the GHGs study, aiming to provide references for controlling greenhouse gas emissions and developing low carbon agriculture.