长期定位施肥对冬小麦吸收利用氮素的影响

研究不同施肥措施对冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）吸收利用氮素的影响,为新形势下制定合理培肥施肥技术,减少氮素流失,提高氮素利用效率提供借鉴。以黄淮海平原国家潮土土壤肥力与肥料效益监测站1990年以来的长期定位施肥土壤为基础,研究长期不施肥（CK）、氮钾配施（NK）、氮磷钾配施（NPK）、氮磷钾配施有机肥（MNPK）、氮磷钾配合秸秆还田（SNPK）5种施肥措施对冬小麦吸收利用氮素的影响。研究结果表明,与CK、NK施肥措施相比,NPK、MNPK、SNPK施肥措施有利于小麦各生育时期各器官对土壤氮素的吸收利用,能显著提高小麦各生育阶段的田间群体数、干物质积累量以及有效穗数,有利于灌浆期、成熟期氮素在茎、叶、鞘、穗等器官的累积。小麦对氮素吸收累积量、氮肥利用率以NPK最大,MNPK/SNPK次之,均极显著（P≤0.01）高于CK和NK;氮素吸收累积量大小依次为NPK〉MNPK〉SNPK〉NK〉CK。施NPK、NPK配施有机肥或秸秆还田的施肥措施均有利于冬小麦在整个生育时期对土壤氮素养分的吸收,提高籽粒产量。

Impacts of nitrogen uptake by winter wheat under various long-term located fertilizations

In this paper,impacts of nitrogen uptake by winter wheat under various fertilizations were studied.There are five long-term located fertilizations started from 1990,which they were no fertilization（CK）,inorganic fertilization（NK,NPK）,inorganic NPK fertilizers and manure combination（MNPK）,and inorganic NPK fertilizers and straw combination（SNPK） and were carried out at National Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Effects Zhengzhou Fluvo-aquic long-term monitoring Station in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain.The results showed that NPK,MNPK,and SNPK applications were good to nitrogen uptakes,field groups,dry biomass productivity,and available ears.Moreover,both nitrogen uptakes and nitrogen use efficiency for NPK treatment were the largest,then followed MNPK and SNPK treatments,respectively,which they were all significantly（P≤0.01） higher than those of CK and NK fertilizations.The order of nitrogen uptake by wheat is NPK〉MNPK〉SNPK〉NK〉CK.In conclusion,the results pointed out that inorganic fertilization（NPK） and inorganic fertilization combined with manure or straw are propitious for nitrogen uptake and improving nitrogen use efficiency.