水稻对UV-B辐射响应的敏感性差异

综述了UV-B辐射对水稻（Oryza sativa L.）的影响和水稻对UV-B辐射的抗性机制。UV-B辐射对水稻生长、叶片形态、生物量、产量、光合系统、病害等产生一定的影响。水稻对UV-B辐射的敏感性因子主要有CPD光解酶、UV-B吸收物质、抗氧化酶等。UV-B辐射使水稻叶片中产生了ROS,导致Rubisco酶降解,光合色素含量变化,抑制了光合作用,最终影响水稻籽粒形成和产量。水稻对UV-B辐射响应存在着品种差异,CPD光解酶编码基因的自然突变会引起水稻UV-B敏感性的差异,CPD光解酶活性是水稻对UV-B敏感性的关键因素。通过建立响应指数公式,对水稻UV-B响应敏感性的品种差异进行评估,存在品种差异的原因主要是基因、生长、生理、生育期和环境背景的差异。最后对UV-B辐射对水稻的影响、水稻对UV-B响应的差异及机理有待深入研究的方向进行了展望。

Differences of UV-B radiation sensitivity of rice

The effects and its resistance mechanisms of enhanced UV-B radiation on rice were summarized.Effect of enhance UV-B radiation on the growth,leaf shape,biomass,yield,photosynthesis system and disease of rice were reported.Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer（CPD） photolyase,UV-B absorbing compound and antioxidant enzymes are the main factors indicated the sensitivity of rice to UV-B radiation.UV-B radiation induces reactive oxygen species（ROS） production,Rubisco enzyme decomposition,photosynthetic pigments content decrease and photosynthesis inhibition of rice leaves,and resulted in decrease in grain yield.There were species differences on rice response to UV-B radiation.Spontaneous mutation of gene encoding CPD photolyase would cause UV-B sensitivity differences in rice.CPD photolyase activity is the key factor influencing in rice sensitivity to UV-B radiation.Species differences of rice response to UV-B radiation could be assessed by the response index.The differences in species mainly are due to genes,growth,physiology,reproductive period and environmental background differences.Finally,more attention should be paid on effects of UV-B radiation on rice and rice response differences and mechanisms to UV-B radiation.