国外的环境移民问题及启示

工业的发展、人口的不断增长、经济全球一体化、气候变化等，导致生态环境的持续恶化，环境移民已成为困扰世界社会经济可持续发展的严重问题之一。国际社会的环境移民状况表明，环境移民主要是自发性的移民，缺乏政府的主导，容易形成环境难民和种族冲突，移民的人权难以得到保证，也不具有可持续发展性；可持续的环境移民要以政府为主导，以国内迁移为主实施移民工程；环境移民工程需要借鉴世界银行工程移民的经验，关键是做好迁人地的选择和评估。未来气候变化和突发环境灾难将不断加大人口的迁移范围和规模，需要给予特别的关注。总结国外环境移民的经验和教训，对我国实施有效的环境移民具有十分重要的意义。

The issues and insights of foreign environmental migration

As a result of the industrialization, the increase of population, global economic integration, climate change and several other factors, the eco-environment keeps deteriorating and the environmental migration problem becomes one of the most serious issues that beset the sustainable development of global economics. The global situation of environmental migration shows that most of environmental immigrants are self-motivated. Without proper governmental management, they may further develop to environmental refugees and cause racial conflicts, which will infringe the human right of these immigrants and the sustainability of the migration. Government should lead the sustainable environmental migration and adopt the domestic migration as the primary mean of the migration process. The environmental migration project in China should refer to the experience of World Bank Group, especially on the selection and evaluation of the migration destination. The future climate change and emergent environmental disasters will keep increasing the footprint and the scale of the migration, to which more attention should be paid. A comprehensive summery of the foreign experience and lessons on the environmental migration issue is greatly beneficial and meaningful to the effective implementation in China.