城市居住区景观绿化格局改善热环境变化的遥感监测分析

以上海中心区域同地段的独立小区为研究对象,利用遥感技术对影响居住区内热环境改善方面的几个主要关键因子（居住区面积、建筑容积率、绿化覆盖率、乔木配置和斑块破碎率）进行了分析模拟,以期为解决居住区热环境状况,提供准确、有效的科学数据。结果表明,在区域平均气温达35℃时,居住区绿化覆盖率每增加10%,可降温0.15℃;居住区乔木面积比每增加10%,可降温0.17℃;居住区平均斑块面积每增加100 m2,可降温0.1℃。总体上,居住区的热岛效应随着绿化率、乔木比例和平均斑块面积的增加而降低,居住区温度与着绿化率、乔木比例和平均斑块面积之间存在显著的负相关,通过这3个指标拟合建立的居住区＂热环境指数＂,可以为航片拍摄获取每个居住区的热环境状况而成为可能。

Plant landscape patterns improvement of the thermal environment based on remote sensing in the urban residential areas

This study took the independent residential areas as objectives in Shanghai central area to model and analyze the thermal environment based on remote sensing.The relative thermal environmental factors had residential area,building floor area ratio,green rate,arbor proportion and the plaque broken rate.Main results： Under the regional average temperature of 35 ℃,the temperature would decrease 0.15 ℃ when residential area green coverage increased 10%;the temperature would decrease 0.17 ℃ when proportion of green arbor increased 10%;the temperature would decrease 0.1 ℃ when residential average plaque area increased 100 m2.Generally,the heat island effect decreases with the increase of the three indicators of green rate,arbor proportion and the green average plaque size,and there were significant negative correlations between them.The residential thermal environment index is built based on the above three indicators,which provides the possibility to get residential thermal environment condition by the use of aerial photograph.