绿色食品生产补偿的理论机理与政策设计

制约我国绿色食品发展的重要因素之一是其生态环境成本难以通过市场来兑现。为解决这一问题，文章以生态补偿为突破口，首先从理论上明确绿色食品生产具有正外部性，政府对其生产企业或农户进行补偿具有合理性和必要性，然后进一步探讨其制度构建与政策设计。（1）构建一个包括政府、生产者、消费者三方的博弈模型，着重分析绿色食品供需过程中、政府影响下生产者和消费者的利益动机和博弈行为。模型结果显示，存在能够满足绿色食品供需平衡的1个纯战略纳什均衡解和1个混合战略纳什均衡解，这两个纳什均衡解的实现条件均要求政府对绿色食品生产者提供补偿和对消费者实施优惠政策。（2）利用C-D生产函数建构的利润函数和恢复费用法探讨绿色食品生产补偿标准范围，结果表明最低补偿标准应满足生产者生产绿色食品和生产普通食品利润相等，而最高补偿标准则应对绿色食品生产中创造的环境效益进行支付。（3）文章最后从“建立经济政策支持体系，构筑科技进步支撑体系，完善品牌质量保障体系，培育产业化生产体系”等4方面提出了现阶段我国绿色食品生产补偿的政策建议。

Theoretical analysis and policy design for the eco-compensation of green food

Green food production is an activity with strong positive external effect. This property of public goods results in market failure, which becomes a great barrier for the development of green good production in China. Eco-compensation measurement is considered as a breakthrough in this paper. （1） A game model including government, producers and consumers is designed to analyze this measurement. The model result shows that there are one pure strategy equilibrium and one mixed Nash equilibrium, which represent the balance between supply and demand of green good. In order to realize the equilibrium, government should be responsi- ble for the compensation in the short term. （2） A Cobb-Douglas production function is further constructed to focus on the compensa- tion standards. The model results indicate that the compensation should be higher than the profit from normal food. The highest compensation quota should be equal with the environmental effect from green food production. （3） Some suggestions from different aspects are given out at last.