蕉园土壤因子与香蕉枯萎病发病的相关性研究

香蕉枯萎病（Fusarium oysporum f.cubense）是当前严重威胁我国华南地区香蕉生产的重要土传病害,目前尚未找到有效的防治方法。于2010年采集了3个典型香蕉枯萎病患病样地（尖峰、冲坡、十月田）和2个健康样地（临高、广州）的根际与非根际土壤样品共46份,采用常规分析方法测定了19项土壤理化指标含量。旨在从农艺措施的角度考虑香蕉枯萎病的防治提供理论依据。结果表明：健康蕉园的大多理化性状和养分含量高于患病蕉园。尤以土壤粘粒、有机质、CEC、全N、全P、有效P、有效Cu、有效Fe、有效B和交换性Ca含量表现更为明显,其在健康蕉园中的含量均为患病蕉园的1.5倍以上。同一患病蕉园根际土壤中的pH值随植株感病级别增加而上升,而有效P和有效B含量随植株感病级别增加而降低。由此可以推论,在蕉园适当增施P肥和B肥有助于抑制香蕉枯萎病发生。

The correlation between soil factors and the occurrence of banana fusarium wilt

Currently banana fusarium wilt（Fusarium oysporum f.cubense） is one of the important soil-borne diseases of seriously threat to banana production in Southern China.However,there is no effective method for prevention in the world.The objective of this study was providing research information for the prevention of banana fusarium wilt from the perspective of agronomic measures.Forty-six rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil samples were collected from three typical plots（Jianfeng,Shiyuetian,Chongpo） infected by banana fusarium wilt and two healthy banana plots（Lingao,Guangzhou） in 2010.Nineteen soil physical and chemical properties and nutrient concentrations were chemically determined.The results indicated that most of the physical and chemical index and nutrient concentrations of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil from healthy banana plantation were higher than the diseased ones.Especially in the concentrations of soil clay,organic matter,cation exchange capacity,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus,available copper,available iron,available boron and exchangeable calcium were in healthy plots were more than 1.5 times of diseased ones.For the same diseased plots,the soil pH of rhizosphere soil gradually increased with increasing of infection grade of banana plant,while the concentrations of available phosphorus and available boron gradually decreased with increasing of infection grade of banana plant.It was concluded that properly applying phosphate and boron fertilizer contribute to the suppression of banana fusarium wilt in banana plantations.