河岸缓冲带对氮磷的截留转化及其生态恢复研究进展

河岸缓冲带是河岸生态系统的重要组成部分,对农业非点源污染物起到有效的截留转化作用。对河岸缓冲带的定义、生态结构特性和功能,河岸缓冲带对氮和磷的截留转化作用以及河岸缓冲带的生态修复现状进行了综合评述。结果表明：草地和森林类型河岸缓冲带均能有效地控制氮和磷向水体中迁移;河岸缓冲带的宽度、水文特征、土壤性质、季节变化以及人为活动等是影响其截留效率的因素;加强退化河岸缓冲带的恢复重建工程,可以保证河岸生态系统的健康。针对目前研究中的不足,提出今后的研究方向,认为应进行长期的大尺度的野外实践研究,并从生态学的角度出发,建立合理的河岸缓冲带健康指标,为退化河岸缓冲带恢复重建提供科学依据。

Research advances on retaining and transformation of N and P and ecological restoration of riparian buffer zone

The riparian buffer zone is one important component of the riparian ecosystem and has effective interception and transformation functions on the non-point agricultural pollutants. This paper reviews the definition and the characteristic of ecological structure of riparian buffer zone, as well as the function of riparian buffer zone, such as the interception functions on nitrogen and phosphorus, and the ecological restoration of degraded riparian buffer zone. Results show that both grass riparian buffer zone and forest riparian buffer zone can effectively control the migration of nitrogen and phosphorus into water. The width of riparian buffer zone, the hydrological characteristics and soil properties of riparian buffer zone, and seasonal change and the human activities all affect the interception efficiency of riparian buffer zone. The ecological restoration of degraded riparian buffer should be strengthened in order to ensure the health of the riparian ecosystem. Based upon current research weaknesses, this paper raised future research directions and proposed that long term field observation and studies should be conducted and appropriate health indicators should be established for evaluating riparian buffer zone so that scientific evidences can be provided for recovering the degraded riparian buffer zone.