西北地区水资源—生态可持续发展的若干问题探讨

基于对西北地区大开发的关键性难题与一些违背自然规律的不良倾向的讨论 ,认为大开发的实施需要在系统科学思维的基础上综合考虑资源—环境—经济的协调发展。近年来 ,许多科学家从各种角度揭示了我国西北乃至北半球中纬度地区持续干旱的发展规律 ,对干旱化趋势与水盐失衡的分析表明 ,西北地区气候干旱化将长期存在 ,生态将继续退化 ,这种趋势是人力不可抗拒的。人为活动尤其是水资源的开发利用 ,对土壤生态的影响是非常明显的 ,应该在严格控制水资源利用总量的前提下 ,调整用水格局 ,发展节水经济 ,科学确定社会经济用水和生态用水的比例 ,保证必须的生态用水 ,大力发展生态植被。指出在分析西北生态环境问题时过于强调人为活动而忽视自然因素作用的倾向 ,讨论了水库兴修、灌溉、土地利用与改良、深层水利用、水环境脆弱性等水资源—生态建设与可持续发展中的若干关键性问题

WATER RESOURCES IN NORTHWEST CHINA:ISSUES IN RELATION TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Based on discussion of some key problems in the development of west China, harmonious development should be taken into practice in relation to rational resource exploitation,environmental protection and economy development.In recent years,the pattern and mechanisms involved in the aridity of west China and even in the Northern Hemisphere region have been focus of many investigations.It is generally considered that the arid climate may exist for some time and the ecological environment will degrade further in this area.Human activities especially the exploitation of water resources may influence significantly the soil environment.The exploitation of water resources should then be controlled in quantity.Water saving economy should be developed,and rational distribution of water resources in economy development and ecological protection shoud be imposed.It is further pointed out that artificial activities should not be over emphasized when analyzing the environmental problems in west China,and that the natural factors influencing the environment not be ignored.Other key problems in relation to water resource exploitation,sustainable development are also discussed.