城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液中污染物检测与分析

垃圾渗滤液水质复杂,危害性大,对其无害化处理尚未得到很好解决。溶解性有机物(DOM)是导致渗滤液处理难以达标的主导性污染物。采用GC-MS技术可将渗滤液中DOM标识划分为亲水性和疏水性两类物质,为DOM的针对性处理提供了新的思路。采用ICP-AES从渗滤液中检测出美国环境保护局颁布的13种优先污染重金属中的11种,其含量大幅超标。废弃的电子材料、颜料涂料、电池以及药物等物质的不分类收集是导致渗滤液中重金属浓度超标、毒性增强的主要原因。在垃圾渗滤液处理领域,认为BOD5/COD小于0.3就不可以采用生物法处理的传统观点已经不符合实验与工程现实。通过检测与分析,掌握了垃圾渗滤液的水质特性与污染源头,能够为制定切实可行的处理方案提供借鉴。

Detection and Analysis of Pollutants in Municipal Landfill Leachate

Landfill leachate was very complex and harmful. It was difficult to treat it harmlessly. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) was the dominant pollutants which caused the landfill leachate treatment hard to reach the standard. The DOM could be divided into hydrophilic and hydrophobic substance by GC-MS which provided a new viewpoint for the treatment. 13 kinds prior heavy metal pollutants had been promulgated by environment protection agency of America (EPA), in which 11 kinds were tested in landfill leachate by ICP-AES, their levels exceeded the standard largely. The main reason of heavy metal pollutants concentration exceeding standard and toxicity enhancing was not collected according to the classification of the abandoned electronic material, pigment, paint, battery, television and drug. In the treatment field of landfill leachate, the traditional view that the ratio of BOD₅/COD in landfill leachate less than 0.3 could not use biological method to treat did not conform to the experiment and engineering reality. Water quality characteristics and pollution sources of landfill leachate were realized roundly through detection and analysis so that feasible treatment scheme could be provided.