对国家环境保护野外观测研究站建设的几点思考

《国家环境保护"十二五"科技发展规划》提出将国家环境保护野外观测研究站作为"十二五"环境科技支撑能力建设内容之一;在《"十二五"国家自主创新能力建设规划》中也将国家野外科学观测研究站(网)作为科技创新基础条件的建设内容。在分析环保部门生态环境观测研究台站建设现状基础上,对国家环境保护野外观测研究台站的建设目标与定位、空间布局、运行机制、监测与评价技术体系构建、监测指标体系框架等进行分析探讨。在目标与定位上,国家环境保护野外观测研究台站既要与目前国内主要的生态环境监测网络(如中国生态系统研究网络和中国森林生态系统定位研究网络)形成补充,同时也要突出环保部门特色;在空间布局上既要关注水、空气、土壤污染的重点监控区,也要关注生态脆弱区、重要(点)生态功能区等生态敏感区;在技术体系上,要研究建立标准化、规范化的观测技术体系,同时也要注重生态环境评价方法研究,为生态环境精准化管理提供技术支持。

A Few Considerations about The Construction of National Environmental Protetion Research Station

In the National Environmental Protection"Twelfth Five-Year" development plan, the National Environmental Protetion Research Station is one part of the capacity-building plan. Meanwhile in the national "Twelfth Five-Year" independent innovation capacity building plan, the ecological research network building is also as the basic conditions for science and technology innovation in the future. In this paper,we summarised the currrent development of the eco- environmental observation and research station of the State Environmental Protection Departemnt, then analysed the objectives, spatial distribution, operation mechanism, monitoring and evaluation of the National Environmental Research Station(NERS). NERS is not only supplementation of the major domestic ecological research network such as CERN or CFERN,but also highlight the duty of the environmental protection department. As for the spatial distribution, NERS are mainly located at the areas which were suffered from air, water resouce or soil pollution, meanwhile some special biogeographic areas such as the ecological fragile areas, eco-service function protection areas are also concerned. In regard to the technical system, establishment of the standardized observational technology system is very important, meanwhile the eco-environment evaluation methods is also essential for the eco- environment management.