昆仑山隧道渗(漏)水水力联系及水动力参数试验研究

隧道施工过程中经常发生隧道涌(漏)水现象,对施工或运营安全可能造成较大影响。为了从根本上治理隧道渗漏水害,首先必须详细准确了解水害的根源,即渗漏水点与地表水源之间的水力联系。对于岩溶管道水比较有效的研究方法是开展连通试验,而对于渗透性能差、水力联系复杂的基岩裂隙水地区开展连通试验是不多的, 尤其是在高纬度、高海拔、以及多年冻土地区开展隧道渗漏水水力联系试验研究尚属首次,值得进一步深入探讨研究。本文针对青藏铁路昆仑山隧道渗漏水情况,在详细调查研究基础上,采用多种形式的连通试验,对昆仑山隧道渗漏水的径流条件和围岩渗透性能进行分析,并进行渗漏水的主要水动力参数计算,为该隧道渗漏水害的治理提供了科学依据。

LABORATORY STUDY ON UNDERGROUND WATER INFLOW (WATER LEAKAGE) PATH AND RELATED HYDRODYNAMIC PARAMETERS AS EXEMPLIFIED BY KUNLUN TUNNEL

Water inflow disaster often occurs during tunnel construction, which affects the construction or operation safety greatly. To administer water inflow disaster in tunnel, the first problem to be solved is to find out the basic causes of water inflow disaster, that is, the connection of tunnel water inflow point with the source of surface water. It is an effective technology for research on karst piping water by communication test. But it is seldom applied to fractured rock water with poor permeability and complicated water connection, especially at high latitude and high elevation with long—time frozen earth zone. It is the first time to study tunnel water inflow connec-tion by using connection test, so it is worthy of thorough research. In the paper, according to the condition of water inflow and on the basis of detailed investigation, the connection test is developed in different forms in the Kumlun tunnel, Qinghai-Xizang railway. The water inflow condition and rock permeability are analyzed in the Kunlun tunnel and the main hydrodynamic parameter for water inflow is calculated as well, providing the scientific basis for the control of water inflow disaster in the Kunlun tunnel.