中美环境污染事故应急预案编制指南比较研究

重点选取中国和美国典型的应急预案编制指南为依据,根据基本情况调查、事故现场调查、应急响应、应急培训和演习等视角分析二者的相似之处,从编制详细程度、私人组织响应、家庭通信系统、信息公开等方面识别出中国相关应急预案编制指南中存在的主要问题。借鉴美国应急预案编制指南中适合于中国国情的经验,建议应急预案编制指南要详细具体,重视疏散路线和安置场所,将私人响应组织列入预案编制指南相关内容中,同时加强信息对社会和媒体的公开。

Comparison of Compilation Guidance to Environmental Emergency Planning between China and America

With the typical compilation guidances to emergency planning of China and the Unite States as the basis,their similarities are firstly analyzed from the aspects of basic situation investigation,accident filed investigation,emergency response,emergency training and exercising. Then,the main problems existing in China's guidance to emergency planning compilation are identified from the aspects of detailed regulations,private response to the organization,communication system of the family,and publication of information. By referring to the experience of America's guidance that applicable to China,it is suggested that China's guidance to emergency planning compilation must be detailed,lay emphasis on evacuation routes and placement sites,include private response organization and strengthen the publicity of information to society and media as well.