双酚A与其替代品对黑斑蛙急性毒性的比较

双酚F(BPF)和双酚S(BPS)作为双酚A(BPA)替代品广泛使用,然而有关BPF和BPS的毒性数据非常有限。采用系列浓度的BPA、BPF、BPS溶液,暴露黑斑蛙胚胎和蝌蚪96 h,通过半致死浓度(LC50)、最小生长抑制浓度(MCIG)和致畸率等指标比较3种化合物的急性毒性。结果显示:100 mg·L-1BPS未导致黑斑蛙胚胎及蝌蚪畸形和死亡。BPA和BPF对黑斑蛙胚胎的96h-LC50分别为7.68 mg·L-1和7.99 mg·L-1,MCIG分别为4.47 mg·L-1和4.77 mg·L-1,最大致畸率为33.33%;对蝌蚪的96 h-LC50分别为9.00 mg·L-1和9.52 mg·L-1。依据《化学农药环境安全评价准则》的毒性分级标准,判定BPA和BPF的毒性等级为中毒,BPS的毒性等级为低毒。表明BPF急性毒性与BPA相当,BPS急性毒性低于BPA。本研究数据可为BPF、BPS作为BPA替代品的生产和使用以及相应的环境管理提供毒理学参考。

Comparison on Acute Toxicity of Bisphenol A with Its Substitutes to Pelophylax nigromaculatus

Little is known about toxic effects of bisphenol F (BPF) and bisphenol S (BPS), although they have been used widely as BPA substitutes. To compare acute toxicity between BPF/BPS and BPA, the lethal concentrations 50% (LC₅₀), minimum concentration to inhibit growth (MCIG) and teratogenic rate were measured for Pelophylax nigromaculatus embryos and tadpoles. It was found that 96 h-exposure to 100 mg·L^-1 BPS caused no malformation and death of P. nigromaculatus embryos and tadpoles. The 96 h-LC₅₀ values of BPA and BPF for embryos were 7.68 mg·L^-1and 7.99 mg·L^-1, with 4.47 mg·L^-1 and 4.77 mg·L^-1 for the MCIG values, respectively. The maximum teratogenic rates both are 33.33%. The 96 h-LC₅₀ values of BPA and BPF for tadpoles are 9.00 mg·L^-1 and 9.52 mg·L^-1, respectively. The results showed that BPF was comparable to BPA in term of acute toxicity, while acute toxicity of BPS was considerably lower than that of BPA. According to toxicity grading standards of guidelines on environmental safety assessment for chemical pesticides, BPA and BPF are determined as medium toxic chemicals to P. nigromaculatus embryos and tadpoles, with BPS as a low toxic chemical. Our study can provide a helpful reference for the production and use of BPF and BPS, and also the corresponding environmental management.