信息约束条件下的流域农业面源污染控制优化

我国广大小流域迫切需要开展农业面源污染控制,但却面临着水质、水文、气象、土地等监测资料不足的信息约束条件。为了应对此问题,本文以具有冻融变化特征的东北地区为例,开发了一套信息约束条件下的流域农业面源污染控制优化系统。首先,提出了农业面源污染负荷的计算方法。其次,分析了流域水质的影响因素。接着,建立了面源污染输入与流域出水口水质之间的响应关系,经验证该系统输出数据与实际污染状况相吻合,能够很好地模拟流域污染状况。最后通过各种削减策略的运用,模拟出农业面源污染削减率和削减后的总氮浓度。通过采用本研究制定的控制优化方案,改变种植类型和面积以及改善施肥配施比,将污染源数据进行量化作为输入数据,经系统输出得到模拟污染输出数据,可得到较好的污染削减效果。研究结果为信息约束条件下治理流域农业面源污染提供了决策支持。

The Optimization for a Watershed's Agricultural Non-point Pollution Control under the Information Constraint

In China, lots of little watershed need to be controlled for the agricultural non-point source pollution. However, there''s not enough monitoring data for water quality, hydrology, meteorology, land, and so on. Taking the northeast area for example, which is in the freeze-thaw characteristics, the study set up a new watershed''s agricultural non-point pollution system for simulation and optimization under the information constraints. Firstly, the study pointed out the calculation method for agricultural non-point pollution. Secondly, we established the contact between the input of source pollution and the water quality of the outlet from the watershed. The system output data coincide with the actual situation of pollution and can simulate the watershed pollution. Lastly, the study used many reduction strategies, and simulated the agricultural non-point source pollution reduction rate and the concentration of the total nitrogen. We used these strategies changing the planting patterns and area and improving the ratio of fertilization, putting the quantification of pollution sources as the input data of this model and getting the output data from the model. We got good pollution reduction effect. The results of this study can provide support for agricultural non-point source pollution control.