食物中重金属的生物可给性和生物有效性的研究方法和应用进展

食品安全问题是直接关系到人民健康的重大民生问题。随着民众生活质量的不断提升，人们对食物质量的关注度越来越高。目前，重金属污染问题是食品安全的一个重要议题。而且，食物中重金属的生物可给性和生物有效性的测定结果已逐渐代替重金属的全量结果进行评价。因此，本文系统介绍了生物可给性和生物有效性的定义及相关关系，综述了生物可给性和生物有效性的多种研究方法的适用性及优缺点，并着重论述了饮食习惯和肠道微生物对重金属生物可给性和生物有效性的影响。研究结果表明：研究者应根据自己的研究目的选择不同的体外消化方法，饮食习惯和肠道微生物均极大的影响着食物中重金属的生物可给性和生物有效性。最后，本文对食物中重金属的生物可给性和生物有效性的研究提出了几点展望：一、需加强食物中重金属复合污染的研究；二、进一步加强肠道微生物对食物中重金属的生物可给性和生物有效性的影响的研究；三、特别需加强中式饮食习惯下对食物中重金属的生物有效性的影响的研究。

Research methods and applications of bioaccessiblity and bioavailability of heavy metals in food

Food safety problem is one of the major livelihood issues which is directly related to human health. More attention has been paid to the quality of food because of increased living quality requirement. The heavy metal contamination in food has become an important issue of food safety. Nowadays, the total concentrations of heavy metals have been replaced by the results of the bioaccessiblity and bioavailability of heavy metals in food. Thus, this article firstly introduced the definition and interrelationship between bioaccessiblity and bioavailability, clarified different research methods and its characteristic of bioaccessiblity and bioavailability. Furthermore, the effect of dietary habits and gut microorganism on the bioaccessiblity and bioavailability of heavy metals in food was also discussed. The researchers should change the in vitro digestion methods according to the purpose of experiment, the bioaccessiblity and bioavailability of heavy metals in food are affected significantly by gut microorganism and dietary habits. At last, the prospect of bioaccessiblity and bioavailability of heavy metals in food were also proposed. Further studies should be paid more attention to the combined pollution of heavy metals in food, and the bioaccessiblity and bioavailability of heavy metals in food affected by gut microorganism and by chinese dietary habits.