面向区域大气环境质量改善的京津冀及周边地区产业结构评估与优化建议

不合理的产业结构与布局是京津冀及周边地区大气污染严重的主要原因,开展区域产业结构与布局优化是有效改善区域大气环境质量的重要手段。应用产业结构相似系数法、产业结构偏离修正指数法及产业结构转移度量法分别定量评估京津冀及周边地区7个省(区、市)产业结构的趋同化、合理化及高级化程度,提出区域大气环境质量改善的产业结构优化对策。结果表明:京津冀及周边地区各省(区、市)之间产业结构相似系数逐年递增,且逼近1,存在较为严重的结构趋同现象;除北京市外,其他省(区、市)产业结构的合理化程度普遍较低,且改善速度较慢;区域产业结构高级化程度处于平缓上升趋势,北京市的产业结构高级化程度最高,其他省(区、市)普遍较低。未来应从明确各省(区、市)发展特征与定位、制定差异化发展策略、统筹优化产业布局、加快产业转移和整合等方面进行优化。

Study on the evaluation and optimization of industrial structure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas for regional atmospheric environmental quality improvement

Unreasonable industrial structure and layout are the main causes of serious air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas. The optimization of regional industrial structure and layout can effectively improve the quality of regional atmospheric environment. The industrial structure similarity coefficient method, the industrial structure deviation correction index method and the industrial structure transfer measurement method were applied to quantitatively assess the degree of convergence, rationalization and advancedization of the industrial structure of the seven provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas. According to the requirements of regional atmospheric environmental quality improvement, the countermeasures for industrial structure optimization were proposed. The results showed that the similarity coefficient of industrial structure between Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and the surrounding provinces had been increasing year by year and close to 1, and there was a serious structural convergence phenomenon. Except for Beijing, the rationalization degree of industrial structure in other provinces was generally low, and the improvement rate was slow. The advancedization degree of regional industrial structure was on a gradual upward trend. Beijing’s industrial structure was the most advanced and other provinces were generally lower. In the future, measures should be taken to improve the regional industrial structure, including clarifying the development characteristics and positioning of each province formulating differentiated development strategies, optimizing industrial layout as a whole and accelerating industrial transfer and integration.