基于景观生态学的湿地公园空间优化配置方案——以北京琉璃河湿地公园为例

空间分布格局是影响城市湿地公园生态功能的重要因素。以北京琉璃河湿地公园为例,依据格局—过程—功能完整性的优化理念,通过景观结构优化、景观过程调控、景观空间配置,获得研究区空间优化配置方案,促使研究区功能的提升。结果表明:研究区可划分成2个一级功能区和9个二级功能单元;通过水文流通过程、水文循环过程优化调控,使研究区水面面积增加0.68 km ²;综合空间格局优化及水文过程调控结果,提出包含斑块配置、廊道配置的空间优化配置方案,优化配置后使研究区斑块数增加924块,湿地面积增加146.51%,水质净化、物种保育及观赏与教育功能均得到较大的提升。

Spatial optimization and configuration scheme of wetland park based on landscape ecology: a case study of Liuli River Wetland Park in Beijing

Whether urban wetland park can play its ecological function mainly depends on its spatial distribution pattern. According to the optimization concept of pattern-process-function integrity, the spatial pattern of Liuli River Wetland Park was optimized by optimizing landscape structure, regulating the hydrological circulation process and hydrological cycle process, and optimizing the spatial configuration of Liuli River Wetland Park, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the function of the study area. The results showed that the study area could be divided into 2 primary functional zones and 9 secondary functional zones. Through regulation of hydrologic circulation process and hydrologic cycle process, the water areas increased by 0.68 km 2. Based on pattern optimization and hydrologic regulation, the space optimization scheme including patch configuration and corridor configuration was proposed. The number of patches might increase by 924, the wetland area increased by 146.51% and the functions of water purification, species conservation, ornamental and educational functions were greatly improved in the study area after optimal configuration.