Aggregation pheromone of a newly described spruce bark beetle, Ips shangrila Cognato and Sun, from China |
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Authors: | Qing-He Zhang Li-Wen Song Jian-Hai Ma Fu-Zhong Han Jiang-Hua Sun |
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Institution: | (1) Sterling International, Inc, 3808 N. Sullivan Rd, Bldg 16P, Spokane, WA 99216-1630, USA;(2) Institute of Forest Protection, Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Sciences, 3528 Linhe Street, 130031 Changchun, People’s Republic of China;(3) Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station of Qinghai Province, 810000 Xining, People’s Republic of China;(4) Maixiu Forest Park of Qinghai Province, 811300 Huangnan, People’s Republic of China;(5) State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, DaTun Road, Chaoyang District, 100101 Beijing, People’s Republic of China |
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Abstract: | Volatiles from male hindgut extracts of a newly described spruce bark beetle, Ips shangrila Cognato and Sun, from different attack phases were analyzed by GC–MS/FID with both polar and enantioselective columns. The
GC–MS/FID analyses showed that unmated males (Phase 1) or males mated with <3 females (Phases 2–4) produced 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol
and 99%-(+)-ipsdienol as major components, and (−)-cis-verbenol, (−)-trans-verbenol, myrtenol and 2-phenyl ethanol as minor or trace components. The release of these male-produced compounds was confirmed
by the analysis on aeration sample of an I. shangrila infested wind-thrown spruce trunk. The quantities of 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, cis-verbenol and trans-verbenol from male hindgut extracts were almost unchanged or even slightly increased during gallery development, while ipsdienol
decreased dramatically after mating with three females. No obvious Ips-related aggregation pheromone components were detected in the female hindgut extract. A field trapping bioassay in Qinghai,
China, showed that the ternary blends containing 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol, (−)-cis-verbenol and 97%-(+)-ipsdienol or (±)-ipsdienol, caught significantly more I. shangrila (♂:♀ = 1:2.14) than did the unbaited control. Replacing 97%-(+)-ipsdienol (close to the naturally produced enantiomeric ratio)
with (±)-ipsdienol in the ternary blend seemed to reduce trap catches by 50%, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Surprisingly, addition of (−)-trans-verbenol (at 0.2 mg/day) to the active ternary blends significantly reduced traps catches to the level not different from
the unbaited control. Our results suggest that the two major components, 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol and 99%-(+)-ipsdienol, plus
a minor component, (−)-cis-verbenol, produced by fed males, are likely the aggregation pheromone components of I. shangrila. |
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