Development of sol–gel formulations for slow release of pheromones |
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Authors: | Anat Zada Lily Falach John A Byers |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology-Chemistry, Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Organization, POB 6, Bet Dagan, 50250, Israel;(2) US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, 21881 North Cardon Lane, Maricopa, AZ 85238, USA |
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Abstract: | A new type of dispenser for slow-release of sex pheromones and other semiochemicals was developed based on sol–gel polymers
that can be useful for monitoring, mass trapping, and mating disruption in integrated pest management (IPM). Sol–gel matrices
exhibit glass characteristics and allow control of the degree of cross-linking during the polymerization process in order
to provide an optimal release rate for a particular pheromone. The advantages of sol–gel (silica) matrixes include keeping
the added molecules chemically stable and enabling the sol–gel material to be applied in any desired thickness and pheromone
quantity, and thereby readily modify release rates. In addition, sol–gels are primarily silica and water that are common in
the environment and therefore safe for field dispensing. We developed a method for the entrapment of pheromones in sol–gel
matrices that allowed release at an almost constant rate over many days in the field. For example, 2.5 mg (E)-5-decenyl acetate pheromone of peach twig borer, Anarsia lineatella, entrapped in various sol–gel formulations released 14–45 μg/day for up to 28 days. The codling moth (Cydia pomonella) pheromone in sol–gels was used in field tests to capture more codling moth males than unbaited control traps. We describe
how the method may be modified to entrap other types of pheromones by making sol–gels with different pore sizes. |
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Keywords: | Sol– gel Dispenser Pheromone Semiochemicals Lure Release rates Anarsia lineatella Cydia pomonella |
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