水葫芦修复富营养化湖泊水体区域内外底栖动物群落特征

于2010年8~10月对滇池白山湾人工控制性种养的约70hm2的水葫芦区、近水葫芦区和远水葫芦区采样分析,探讨了水葫芦种养工程区域内外底栖动物群落结构特征.结果表明,在水葫芦区、近水葫芦区及远水葫芦区,底栖动物总密度分别为294.5,159,261ind/m2,其中寡毛类的霍甫水丝蚓(Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri)为绝对优势种,分别占各自区域总密度的68.3%,59.6%和86.0%.逐步回归分析显示,水体总磷(TP)和底泥非稳定态磷(Labile-P)与霍甫水丝蚓密度呈显著性正相关(P < 0.01),表明霍甫水丝蚓对水体的富营养状况有很好的指示作用.水葫芦区物种组成及生物多样性指数均高于近水葫芦区和远水葫芦区(P < 0.05),在水葫芦区、近水葫芦区和远水葫芦区分别共采集到底栖动物14种、10种和6种;Shannon-Wiener多样性指数分别为1.10,0.57和0.54.种植水葫芦后,在水葫芦区及近水葫芦区,10月份的Margalef、Shannon-Wiener、Simpson和Peilou指数较8月份和9月份有显著性增加(P < 0.05),而远水葫芦区,却未出现类似的结果.一定面积控制性种养水葫芦对大型富营养化湖湾水体无脊椎底栖动物群落结构未表现出不利影响.

The fauna structure of benthic macro-invertebrates for environmental restoration in a eutrophic lake using water hyacinths.

From August to October in 2010,approximately 70 hectares of water hyacinth were planted at the Baishan Bay in Lake Dianchi and benthic macro-invertebrates were sampled.The densities of benthic macro-invertebrates in water hyacinth area(WHA),near water hyacinth area(NWHA) and far water hyacinth area(FWHA) were 294.5,159 and 261 ind/m2,respectively.Amongst of all present species,oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was the dominant species,representing 68.3%(WHA),59.6%(NWHA) and 86.0%(FWHA).Stepwise regression analysis showed a significantly positive relationship(P < 0.01) between the densities of Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri to the total phosphorus(TP) in the water and Labile-P in the sediment.Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was a good indicator of eutrophication.The richness and biodiversity in WHA were higher(P < 0.05) than that in the NWHA and FWHA.The richness of benthic macro-invertebrates was 14 in WHA,10 in NWHA and 6 in FWHA,respectively.Shannon-Wiener diversity indexes in WHA,NWHA and FWHA were 1.10,0.57 and 0.54,respectively.After planting water hyacinth in the lake,in WHA and NWHA,the Margalef index,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index and Peilou index in October 2010 were significantly increased comparing to August and September 2010(P < 0.05).However,these indexes were not significantly different at FWHA during the research intervals.A controlled presence of water hyacinth is not harmful to benthic invertebrates in a eutrophic lake.