长江上游生态脆弱区生态屏障建设与产业发展战略研究——以昭通市为例

长江经济带是世界最大的内河产业带和制造业基地，在我国社会经济发展中占有重要的战略地位。建设长江生态屏障是长江经济带可持续发展的基本保障，以金沙江区段为主的长江上游地区在流域生态屏障建设中更是起着至关重要的作用。结合实地调研，以地处云南省东北部、金沙江下游、滇川黔3省结合部的昭通市为例，分析了地区产业发展与生态屏障建设的互动机理。首先分析了昭通市生态—经济系统存在的主要问题，进而指出优化产业结构是昭通市生态－经济系统协调发展的必然选择，在此基础上提出昭通市应通过高效生态农业、环境友好型工业以及生态旅游业的发展实现经济发展与生态屏障建设的有机结合。

STRATEGY FOR ECOLOGICAL ECONOMY DEVELOPMENT AND ECOLOGICAL FOUNDATION CONSTRUCTION IN THE UPPER REACHES OF THE YANGTZE RIVER--THE CASE OF ZHAOTONG CITY, YUNNAN PROVINCE

Areas along the mainstreams of the Yangtze River are the largest inland industrial districts and manufacturing industry bases in the world,which have played an important and strategic role in China's social and economic development.However,ecological problems resulted from the large-scale development and heavy human activities along the basin have been aggravated in the past twenty years.Therefore,economic development and environment protection are the two strategic missions of areas along the Yangtze River.Based on investigation and from the perspective of sustainable development,the authors analyze the major problems existing in the social and economic development of Zhaotong City.From systematic perspective,the authors expound the mechanism between ecological system and economic development.It argues that heavy population density and unreasonable industrial structure make the fragile ecological environment bearing heavy pressures and constitute the major causes of environmental degradation in Zhaotong City.In order to satisfy sustainable development and assist to balance the conflicts between ecological system and socio-economic development,strategies for ecological industry development in Zhaotong City are put forward,including intensive and high-efficient agriculture,environment-friendy and recycling industries and ecological tourism development.