A review of the chemical ecology of the Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) |
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Authors: | J D Allison J H Borden S J Seybold |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;(2) Phero Tech Inc, 7572 Progress Way, Delta, British Columbia, V4G 1E9, Canada;(3) Chemical Ecology of Forest Insects, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 720 Olive Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA |
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Abstract: | Summary. This review summarizes the literature related to
the chemical ecology of the Cerambycidae and provides a
brief overview of cerambycid biology, ecology, economic
significance, and management. Beetles in the family
Cerambycidae have assumed increasing prominence as pests
of forest and shade trees, shrubs, and raw wood products, and
as vectors of tree diseases. Exotic species associated with
solid wood packing materials have been notable tree killers
in North American urban and peri-urban forests. In forested
ecosystems native species respond to disturbances such as
fires and windstorms, and initiate the biodeterioration of
woody tissue. Eggs are laid by females, on or through the
bark surface of stem and branch tissue of moribund, recently
killed or decomposing woody plants; larval cerambycids
(roundheaded woodborers) typically feed in the phloem and
later in the xylem. Females will also, in some cases, select
living hosts, e.g. adult conifer and angiosperm trees, for
oviposition. Research on the chemical ecology of over 70
species has revealed many examples of attractive kairomones
(such as floral volatiles, smoke volatiles, trunk and leaf
volatiles, and bark beetle pheromones), repellents and
deterrents, oviposition stimulants, short- and long-range sex
pheromones, and defensive substances. Emerging generalities
are that attractants tend to be monoterpenoids and phenolic
esters; oviposition stimulants are monoterpenoids and
flavanoids; short-range sex pheromones are female-produced,
methyl-branched cuticular hydrocarbons; and
long-range sex pheromones are male-produced -hydroxy
ketones and (,)-diols ranging in length from 6 to 10 carbons.
The latter compounds appear to originate from glands
in the male thorax; putative defensive substances originate
from metasternal secretory pores or mandibular glands. In
one unusual case, a flightless, subterranean female that
attacks sugar cane produces a sex pheromone that is derived
from the amino acid isoleucine. With significantly more than
35,000 species of Cerambycidae worldwide, these generalities
will be subject to change as more species are examined.
Addendum
The authors would like to point out that the electronic version
is more accurate than the printed version. |
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Keywords: | Longhorned beetles longicorn beetles roundheaded borers woodborers pest management sex pheromones kairomones oviposition stimulants hydrocarbons monoterpenoids flavanoids phenolics -hydroxy ketones" target="_blank">gif" alt="agr" align="BASELINE" BORDER="0">-hydroxy ketones |
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