长江三角洲港口群的功能定位探析

根据国际海洋运输船舶大型化和集装箱化的趋势，为积极应对来自亚太地区各港口的挑战，总结和分析了长江三角洲地区港口群的发展现状，即各港口都取得了较大的发展，特别是宁波和上海两港口的集装箱吞吐量增长很快。但是，上海港的发展受制于航道水深水足和缺乏深水大港，南京以下各港中存在因重复建设而导致岸线浪费和恶性竞争的问题，宁波港的主要制约在于箱源腹地有限和陆上集疏运条件亟待完善。同时，还提出了各自的解决对策。为应对我国加入WTO后国际航运面临的严峻挑战和尽快实施国家战略，该地区应当形成代表国家参与国际航运竞争的以上海为中心、苏南和浙北为两翼的组合港式国际航运中心。其中，形成合理竞争与协调分工的长江三角洲港口群则是当务之急。鉴于此，各港口的功能定位可以是，上海港要尽快建成国际级的集装箱枢纽港，长江沿岸港口（南京以下各港口）要逐步形成协同发展的内支线港和喂给港，宁波、舟山等港口要建设成为上海港的中转港和深水外港。

STUDY ON THE FUNCTIONAL LOCATION OF PORT AGGREGATION IN THE YANGTZE DELTA

According to the general development tendency in increasing sizes of cargo freighters and containerization, this paper discusses the current situation and major problems of port aggregation in the Yangtze Delta. All ports have gained large development,especially, throughout in Shanghai and Ningbo. But Shanghai is enslaved to the deficiency of sea-route's depth and the lack of deep-water port.The ports along the Yangtze River have the problems by wasting bank lines caused by repeated construction and vicious competition, while Ningbo is restricted by the finitude of container and the imperfect conditions of traffic to collect and scatter. Meanwhile, countermeasures for these problems are also proposed. For the light of positively meeting the challenge from the other ports of Asia-Pacific area and sharp competition of sea-transportation market after China joined the WTO, the Yangtze Delta should have a combined international shipping center in accordance with the national tragedy. It is combined that Shanghai is the heart port and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces are the two wings. In the end, based on the factors influencing port development, the paper proposed that Shanghai may establish an international project port of container shipping, the ports along with the Yangtze River may gradually form branches-line ports and feeding ports, and Ningbo and Zhoushan ports may build entrepot and deep-water outport of Shanghai port. Thus, port aggregation in the Yangtze Delta could make up a good relationship in terms of benign competition and rational division of labor.