船舶油运中油气污染，控制及石油发试验研究

船舶装卸运输石油时，油气蒸发是船舶大气污染的主要问题之一。它不仅损失大量货油，也对船舶环境造成严重污染。试验表明， 油气蒸发过程随油种不同。蒸发速率差别较大，第一类如工业汽油、煤油，初始发量高达每小时5％－10％，第一天蒸发逸散量可在50％，第二类如柴油、原油也有较大蒸发速率，第一天的蒸发量可达3％－11％，第三类蒸发量较小，如机油、重油、渣油等。第一天蒸发量仅约0.5％以下，但蒸发衰减不快。前两类油种蒸发衰减较快。油气蒸发过程也与环境温度、风速有关。文中最后讨论了控制油气蒸发造成污染的3项措施。

Test Study on Oil Vapour Pollution and Evaporation in Oil Shipping

One of the principal issues of air pollution from ships is the oil vapour emission.lt not only loses a large number of cargo oil,but also brings about environmental pollution to the terminals.The tests have indicated that the evaporation rate is quite different from oil type.For instance,industrial gasoline and kerosine have the highest evaporation rate,of which 50% will be lost during the first day.Diesel oil,crude oil have a higher evaporation rate and about 3%-11% will be lost during the first day.Engine oil,dead oil and residual oil have a lower evaporation rate and no more than 0.5%.However its evaporation attenuation rate is less than the former one.The oil evaporation process is also concerned with temperature and wind speed.Finally,the three countermeasures of reducing oil evaporation are discussed.