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Genetic Analysis of Norovirus Strains that Caused Gastroenteritis Outbreaks Among River Rafters in the Grand Canyon,Arizona |
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| Authors: | Masaaki Kitajima Brandon C. Iker Anne Magill-Collins Marlene Gaither James D. Stoehr Charles P. Gerba |
| Affiliation: | 1.Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,Hokkaido University,Sapporo,Japan;2.Amway,Ada,USA;3.Physician Assistant Program,Midwestern University,Glendale,USA;4.Environmental Health Division,Coconino County Health Department,Flagstaff,USA;5.Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science,The University of Arizona,Tucson,USA |
| Abstract: | Toilet solid waste samples collected from five outbreaks among rafters in the Grand Canyon were subjected to sequencing analysis of norovirus partial capsid gene. The results revealed that a GI.3 strain was associated with one outbreak, whereas the other outbreaks were caused by GII.5 whose sequences shared >98.9% homology. |
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