Identification and ecotoxicity assessment of intermediates generated during the degradation of clofibric acid by advanced oxidation processes |
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Authors: | Wenzhen Li Yu Ding Qian Sui Shuguang Lu Zhaofu Qiu Kuangfei Lin |
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Institution: | 1. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; 2. Datang Energy Corporation, Hulunbeier 021008, China |
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Abstract: | The aim of this study was to identify the intermediates in clofibric acid degradation under various advanced oxidation processes, namely ultraviolet (UV), UV/H2O2, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV), VUV/H2O2, and solar/TiO2 processes, as well as to assess the toxicity of these intermediates. Eleven intermediates have been detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, most of which were reported for the first time to our best knowledge. Combining the evolution of the dissolved organic carbon, Cl- and specific ultraviolet absorption at 254 nm, it could be deduced that cleavage of aromatic ring followed by dechlorination was the mechanism in solar/TiO2 process, while dechlorination happened first and accumulation of aromatic intermediates occurred in the other processes. Different transformation pathways were proposed for UV-, VUV-assisted and solar/TiO2 processes, respectively. The acute toxicity was evaluated by means of Photobacterium phosphoreum T3 spp. bioassay. It was believed that aromatic intermediates increased the toxicity and the ring-opening pathway in solar/TiO2 process could relieve the toxicity. |
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Keywords: | clofibric acid advanced oxidation processes intermediates toxicity Photobacterium phosphoreum T3 spp |
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