原油降解菌的筛选鉴定及降解特性的研究

实验从河北省唐山市柳赞镇冀东油田油井污水中筛选出8株以原油为唯一碳源的降解菌株(编号为T1-8),通过形态学特征观察以及16SrDNA分子生物学鉴定,确定这8个菌株分别为铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcusaureus)、Bacillus safensis、短小芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pumilus)、嗜冷杆菌(Psychrobacter pulmonis)、鲁氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter lwoffii)、纺锤芽孢杆菌(Bacillus fusiformis)和洋葱伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia cepacia)。采用无机盐培养基,以华北任丘油田原油为唯一碳源,分别对上述8种菌株进行原油降解能力测试,通过为期7d的降解,其相对应的降解率分别为67.14%、43.13%、30.37%、24.74%、43.00%、37.94%、55.28%和14.51%,而且其中的金黄色葡萄球菌和嗜冷杆菌对原油具有降解能力为首次报导。后续对铜绿假单胞菌进行了影响降解率的单因素实验,实验结果显示在pH为7、初始原油浓度为5g/L和菌液接种量1mL(约1.8×1010cfu/mL)时铜绿假单胞菌对原油的降解率达到其最大值67.14%。

Crude Oil-degrading Bacteria:Screening, Idendification and Degradation Characteristics

The crude oil-degrading bacteria referred in this paper was composed of eight strains that were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus safensis,Bacillus pumilus,Psychrobacter pulmonis,Acinetobacter Iwoffii,Bacillus fusiformis and Burkholderia cepacia respectively. Morphological study and 16SrDNA method had been used for the identification of the bacteria. With the crude oil from an oil field in north China as a sole carbon source,biodegradation experiment had been carried out for seven days,and the biodegradation rate for each strain was measured. The result showed that when pH value was 7,the initial concentration of crude oil 5g/L,and quantity of the strain 1mL(1.8×1010cfu/mL) ,of all the eight strains,Pseudomonas aeruginosa behaved the best.