环境样品有机物分析预处理技术研究进展

在环境污染治理过程中,对环境样品进行预处理以进行分析检测必不可少,尤其针对环境中痕量存在的污染物,需经过预处理,浓缩被测痕量组分,以便提高检测方法的灵敏度,降低最小检测极限,并且可以使样品变得容易保存和运输。文章详细介绍了环境样品中有机物分析的预处理方法,将方法分为传统预处理方法和较新预处理方法,传统预处理方法包括:索氏提取法、超声波提取法、真空升华法、气相色谱法、液相色谱法;较新预处理方法包括:超临界流体萃取技术、固相微量萃取技术和吹扫捕集法。分别就传统和较新预处理方法的原理、优缺点及适用范围进行归纳总结和对比,并以多环芳烃的提取为例列举了各方法的应用步骤,从而为其他环境样品其他有机物分析预处理提供参考。

Review on Pre-treatment Technologies for Organic Matter Analysis of Environmental Samples

In the process of pollutant analysis of environmental samples,pretreatment is essential,especially for trace contaminants which usually need concentration before analysis. Concentration can improve sensitivity of the method and lower the minimum detection limit,while concentrated environmental samples are much easier to be stored and transported compared with raw environmental samples. Pretreatment technologies for organic matter in environmental samples were reviewed,with traditional technologies including Soxhlet extraction,ultrasonic extraction,vacuum distillation method,gas chromatography and liquid chromatography as well as new technologies including supercritical fluid extraction technology, solid-phase microextraction,and blowing and sweeping collection method. The principles,advantages and disadvantages, scope of application of the technologies were reviewed and compared with each other. Extraction process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by different technologies was analyzed,which provided a good reference for pretreatment process of other organic matters in environmental samples.