生活垃圾焚烧过程中二噁英抑制剂研究进展

二噁英可在环境中造成持久性有机污染和危害。自20世纪80年代在生活垃圾焚烧烟气中发现二噁英以来,各国学者针对二噁英排放控制开展了大量基础和应用研究。其中化学抑制剂可从根源上抑制焚烧过程中二噁英生成,一直是该领域的研究热点。介绍了二噁英的生成机理及现有控制策略,指出采用抑制剂的优越性;综述了二噁英抑制剂种类及抑制机理,包括常用的氮基/硫基抑制剂、碱性抑制剂和复合抑制剂,并特别阐述了新型磷基抑制剂的研究进展。根据各类抑制剂在实验室的小试研究成果,提出了未来新型抑制剂的研发思路。而实际焚烧工况复杂多变、抑制剂对二噁英的控制效果不稳定,难以达到小试实验效果,因此抑制剂在实际生活垃圾焚烧过程中的应用和推广仍需深入研究和优化。

RESEARCH PROGRESS OF DIOXIN INHIBITORS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE INCINERATION

Dioxins can cause persistent organic pollution and harm to the environment.Since the discovery of dioxins in the flue gas of municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration in the 1980s,many basic and applied researches have been carried out on the control of dioxins emission.Chemical inhibitors,which can inhibit the formation of dioxins during the incineration process,have been the research hotspot in this field.In this paper,the formation mechanism of dioxins and the current control strategies were introduced,and the advantages of using inhibitors were put forward.The types and mechanisms of dioxin inhibitors were reviewed,including the commonly used nitrogen/sulfur-based inhibitors,alkaline inhibitors and compound inhibitors,and the research progress of new phosphorus-based inhibitors was especially described.In this paper,the research results of various inhibitors in the laboratory were summarized,and the ideas for research and development of new inhibitors in the future were put forward.The application effect of inhibitors under actual incineration conditions was summarized;since the actual incineration conditions were complex and variable,the control effect of inhibitors on dioxins was unstable and difficult to reach the performance level of laboratory test.Therefore,the application and promotion of inhibitors in the actual MSW incineration process still need to be further studied and optimized.