解磷微生物强化堆肥磷组分转化研究进展

好氧堆肥是有机废弃物资源化的有效途径之一,但堆肥产品的供磷肥力较化肥相差甚远,使得有机废弃物堆肥产品在市场上存在竞争短板,因此,调控堆肥磷素资源有效性和磷组分转化具有重要意义。针对堆肥过程中可促进难溶性磷活化的解磷微生物,利用微生物强化和微生境调控手段,提高磷转化相关功能微生物在堆肥中的相对丰度和活性,能够显著改善堆肥过程磷组分形态,提升有效磷含量,但该过程易受到物料来源、堆肥过程工艺条件、微生物种间关系等多重因素影响。因此,综述了堆肥磷素转化规律及堆肥解磷微生物动态特征,阐述了外源接种解磷菌剂和堆肥添加生物炭等内源调控堆肥微环境的解磷微生物强化方法,讨论了堆肥内源、外源解磷微生物调控的关键限制因子(温度、C/N、含水率等),以期为探索堆肥磷素定向转化调控技术、开发富磷堆肥产品提供理论依据。

REVIEW ON PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS TRANSFORMATION IN COMPOSTING ENHANCED BY PHOSPHORUS-SOLUBILIZING MICROORGANISMS

Aerobic composting is one of the effective ways to recycle organic waste. However, the phosphorus supply of composting products is inferior to chemical fertilizers, resulting in weak competition of organic waste composts. Therefore, it is of great significance to regulate the availability of compost phosphorus resources and the transformation of phosphorus components. For phosphorus-decomposing microorganisms that can promote the activation of insoluble phosphorus in the composting process, the relative abundance and activity of functional microorganisms related to phosphorus transformation in the compost can be improved by microbial enhancement and microhabitat regulation, which can significantly improve the form of phosphorus components and increase the effective phosphorus content in composting. However, this process is vulnerable to multiple factors such as material sources, composting process conditions, microbial species relationships, etc. Therefore, this paper summarized the transformation law of phosphorus in compost and the dynamic characteristics of phosphorus decomposing microorganisms in compost, expounded on the strengthening methods of phosphorus decomposing microorganisms for endogenous control of the compost microenvironment, such as exogenous inoculation of phosphorus decomposing bacteria and addition of biochar in compost, and discussed the key limiting factors (temperature, C/N, moisture content, etc.) for the regulation of endogenous and exogenous phosphorus decomposing microorganisms in compost. It can provide a theoretical basis for exploring the directional transformation and regulation technology of phosphorus in compost and development of phosphorus-rich compost products in the future.