土壤重金属污染的生物修复技术

随着城市化和工业化的加速,土壤的重金属污染问题日趋严重。生物修复技术作为一种环境友好型治理措施越来越受到关注,其主体主要包括植物修复、动物修复以及微生物修复。文章首先综述了生物修复土壤重金属污染的机理及其研究进展,其中植物修复包括降解、提取、挥发、根系钝化以及固定等,而微生物修复机理主要包括生物富集、生物吸着以及生物转化;其次分析了生物修复技术的局限性,如超富集植物积累重金属的单一性,植物的生长速度慢、积累效率低、适应性弱,微生物的种间拮抗作用等;最后对其发展前景提出展望,认为通过加强国际交流,重视多学科的交叉应用,以及合理配置人才与资源等措施,有利于突破技术瓶颈,发展出更具应用价值的复合修复技术。

Bioremediation in Heavy Metals Contaminated Soils

With the acceleration of urbanization and industrialization,heavy metals contamination of soils became more and more serious.Bioremediation,which consists of phyto-remediation,zoic-remediation and microbial-remediation,is getting more and more attention as an environmentally friendly control measure.This article summarized the the mechanisms and research progress of bio-remediation in heavy metals contaminated soils.And phyto-remediation covers degradation,extraction,root-passivation,volatilisation and fixation.What's more,this article analyzes the limitations of the application of bioremediation.Such as the oneness of accumulating heavy metals by hyperaccumulaors,and the low speed of growth,the low efficiency of accumulation and the weak adaptability in plants.Finally,the direction of further study was prospected.In order to get a breakthrough of technology,we ought to strengthen international exchanges,pay more attention to the application of multiple disciplines and configurate talents and resources reasonably,then develop composite bioremediations,which have wider applications.