基于数值模拟的某地铁车站人群紧急疏散研究

为了模拟分析地铁疏散影响因素,提出针对性应急疏散策略,达到提高疏散效率的目的。本文以某地下二层岛式车站为例,运用人员紧急疏散仿真软件Pathfinder,建立了车站紧急疏散仿真模型,研究了各区域人数变化情况、各连接处的通行速率以及疏散瓶颈位置。结果表明:现行条件下,该车站的疏散预警阈值为2000人,疏散时间约326s;疏散瓶颈出现在站台层疏散楼梯处,拥堵时间约为120s,且站台层人数越多,拥堵时间越长。因此,当超过2000人时,车站应限制人员进出比例,加强人员引导,提高出站效率,确保站内人员可安全、有序疏散。同时,针对疏散瓶颈位置,站厅层自动检票闸机数量的确定应结合楼梯的通行速率,减低人员疏散时间。

Study on Emergency Evacuation of a Subway Station based on Pathfinder

Pathfinder was applied to build the emergency evacuation simulation model for a sample island-type underground metro station on the purpose of studying the evacuation strategies and improving the evacuation efficiency.The variation of occupant amount for various areas,the pass rate of each joint,and the bottlenecks were analyzed.The results showed that the evacuation threshold was 2 000 occupants and evacuation time was about 326s under the current circumstance.The evacuation bottleneck appeared in the evacuation staircase on the platform floor,and the congestion time was about 120s.Moreover,the more occupants are on the platform,the longer the congestion time is.Therefore,the proportion of occupants between entering and leaving should be reasonably restricted when there are more than 2 000 occupants accommodated in the station and the efficiency of outbound should be improved,so as to ensure that the station personnel can be safely and orderly evacuation.At the same time,automatic ticket gate should be placed reasonably depending on the passages rate of various staircases for the evacuation bottlenecks to reduce the evacuation time.