北京铁路机车尾气排放清单的建立

排放清单是空气质量模拟和环境管理的基础.介绍了铁路运输尾气排放清单建立方法.基于美国环保局(USEPA)的排放因子,根据我国和美国排放标准的比较以及国内测试数据,确定了我国铁路机车尾气排放因子,并以北京为例,基于GIS铁路线路分布、内燃机车功率、运行车次和运行路线计算了铁路运输大气污染物NO_x、CO、HC和PM_(10)排放量,建立了排放清单.结果表明,基准年2007年北京铁路运输尾气排放量NO_x、CO、HC和PM_(10)分别为7 232 t、728 t、316 t和181 t,与2002年机动车排放量相比,4种污染物火车机车排放量分别占4.90%、0.08%、0.24%和1.12%.

Estimating exhaust emissions from railway vehicles in Beijing

The paper intends to present a method of setting up locomotive emission inventory on the basis of air quality simulation and emission source management. As is known, exhaust of diesel locomotives contains an estimated total of 450 different chemical component, about 40 of which is listed as toxic air contaminants with negative effects on human health and the living environment as a whole. Coming from this need, we have done an estimation on the exhaust emissions from the railway vehicles in Beijing, in which we have studied the locomotive emission factors of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of USA, along with the domestic emission factors in comparison with the emission standards of China, American and IUR (International Union of Railways). In our research, we have found that the emission factors of line-haul cycle locomotives in Beijing were 0.70-0.75 g/(kW·h), 1.73 g/(kW·h), 9.05-17.57 g/(kW·h), 0.23-0.43 g/(kW·h) for hydrocarbon compounds (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and particulate matter (PM_(10)), respectively. At the same time, the emissions of NO_x, CO, HC and PM_(10) from the diesel locomotives and railcars were also calculated with reference to the annual statistics on the railway traffic in 2007. The total emission from the railway vehicles in Beijing were estimated at about 7 232 t for NO_x, 728 t for CO, 316 t for HC and 181 t for PM_(10) in the year of 2007 while the total railway emissions constitute 6.03%, 0.06%, 0.20% and 2.81% of Beijing vehicle emissions for NO_x, CO, HC and PM_(10), respectively. The above results show that the estimated emissions from the railway network in Beijing were relatively low as compared with the general on-road traffic emissions. Among the air pollutants, NO_x emission is regarded as the biggest contributor (6.03%) to the total traffic NO_x emissions.