基于GIS的小城镇洪灾淹没分析与应急决策系统

近年来,将GIS技术与水文模型相结合,再根据数字高程模型DEM预测、模拟显示洪水淹没区,并进行灾害评估,已成为GIS应用和水利领域一个研究热点。笔者介绍了利用GIS技术建立的小城镇洪灾淹没分析与应急决策系统的构架、数据库的建设及其实现的功能等内容。该系统解决了一系列关键技术:小城镇空间数据库的建库技术及三维可视化、洪水淹没范围的确定以及洪水淹没实时动态演示等,能够对洪水灾害及其损失进行分析预测,对洪水灾情进行快速评估,是小城镇政府部门科学地制定防洪和减灾对策,迅速有效地采取抗洪救灾措施的保障手段。该系统适合我国现有国情,有利于维护小城镇社会经济持续稳定发展,具有很强的现实意义。

GIS-based System for Analysis of Flood Inundation and Emergency Response Decision Making in Small Towns

It is a hot research issue to combine the GIS technology with hydrologic models in forecasting and simulating flood inundation area according to digital elevation models (DEM) and in making disaster evaluation. The structure, database construction and functions of the GIS-based system for flood inundation and emergency response decision making in small towns are presented. A series of critical technologies are solved, which consist of the construction of spatial database in small towns, three-dimensional visualization, determination of flood inundation area and the dynamic scenario of flood inundation. The system could analyze and forecast the flood damage, and evaluate the flood disaster promptly. The system could provide the government of small towns with exact, rapid and visual information and decision support for flood control and disaster relief, so as to make the flood prevention suitable for modern scientific management.The system is beneficial in maintaining the sustainable development of social economy in small towns.