土壤污染物来源及前沿问题

人类活动对土壤系统的影响日趋严重。土壤污染物主要来自污染的大气沉降，废水和污水灌溉，工业废渣和城市垃圾，以及农药施用等。土壤污染对环境和人体健康造成极大的危害。文章通过计算得出了大气汞沉降和酸沉降在中国的累积沉降量，并通过调查分析中国各项污染物来源的最新资料，详细论述了各主要污染因素对土壤系统的影响。文章阐述了污染物在土壤系统中主要的物理化学行为，主要包括污染物在土壤生态系统中的吸附、迁移和扩散、酸沉降对土壤系统的影响等三个方面。最后回顾了该领域的研究现状和主要的前沿问题，并对进一步的深入研究提出了建议。

The sources and forward problems of soil pollutants

Soil pollution caused by human activity is becoming worse. The pollutants are mainly from the deposition of polluted atmosphere, the irrigation of wastewater, the dumping of industrial waste and city garbage, and the application of pesticide, which destroy soil system, and soil pollution is very harmful to the human health. The amount of mercury emission and acid precipitation in China was calculated in this paper. The effect of main factors leading to pollution on soil system was discussed in detail by analyzing the latest data on the pollutant sources in China. The main physical and chemical behaviors of pollutants in soil system were re- viewed as well, which included the review of absorption, movement and diffusion of pollutants in soil system, the effect of acid pre- cipitation to soil system and so on. Finally, the research situation and hot spots of this field were discussed, and some suggestions about further research were put forward based on the previous study.