地铁乘客疏散帮助行为及其影响因素的SEM模型*

为研究地铁疏散中乘客帮助行为及其影响因素之间的作用机制，通过对武汉市地铁站乘客疏散行为进行问卷调查，从普通乘客特征、特殊群体特征、安全认知、疏散环境和恐慌心理5个维度出发，构建地铁乘客疏散帮助行为及其影响因素的结构方程模型。研究结果表明:普通乘客特征、特殊群体特征、安全认知对帮助行为具有直接正向影响，其中安全认知对乘客是否提供帮助行为的影响最大；恐慌心理、疏散环境对帮助行为具有直接负向影响，其中恐慌心理影响较大；安全认知还通过中介变量普通乘客特征、特殊群体特征、疏散环境和恐慌心理对帮助行为产生间接影响。

Structural equation model (SEM) of passengers helping behavior and its influencing factors in metro evacuation

To study the passengers helping behavior and the interaction mechanism between its influencing factors in subway evacuation,a questionnaire survey was conducted among the metro passengers about their evacuation behavior in Wuhan,and the structural equation model of the passengers helping behavior and its influencing factors in metro evacuation was constructed from five dimensions: ordinary passenger characteristics,special group characteristics,safety cognition,evacuation environment and panic psychology.The results showed that the ordinary passenger characteristics,special group characteristics and safety cognition had direct and positive impact on the helping behavior,and among them,the safety cognition had the greatest influence on whether passengers offer help or not.The panic psychology and evacuation environment had direct and negative impact on the helping behavior,and among them,the panic had greater influence.The safety cognition also exerted indirect impact on the helping behavior through intermediary role of ordinary passenger characteristics,special group characteristics,evacuation environment and panic psychology.