武汉市废弃物处理温室气体排放和控制对策

对武汉市2005、2010和2012年废弃物处理温室气体排放量进行了核算,结果表明2005、2010和2012年废弃物处理中生活垃圾填埋和废弃物焚烧产生的温室气体量最大,占折算为碳含量后的71.46%以上,是武汉市废弃物处理温室气体排放的重要来源。填埋产生的温室气体在2010年达到峰值,因填埋量减少、焚烧量增加导致焚烧产生的温室气体量增加。废水处理中温室气体的量相对较小,产生甲烷(CH_4)约0.44至0.67万t。废水处理中温室气体排放量随着污水收集率逐步提高而降低,而又随污水总量增加而增加。总体来说,废弃物处理中二氧化碳(CO_2)排放量逐年增加,CH_4先增加后降低,氧化亚氮(N_2O)逐年增加。此外,武汉市固体废弃物处理温室气体排放主要控制填埋量和焚烧量,而加强废弃物的收集和管理,以及技术提升、生态修复、增加植被碳汇将是武汉市废弃物处理温室气体控制和减排的重要措施。

Greenhouse Gas Emission from Municipal Waste Treatment in Wuhan and Countermeasures for Control

In this paper,greenhouse gas emission from municipal waste treatment in 2005,2010 and 2012 in Wuhan was calculated.The result showed that landfill and domestic waste incineration contributed the most to the greenhouse gas emission,accounting for over 71.46％ of the total carbon content,and therefore were the key greenhouse gas sources of municipal waste treatment in Wuhan.Greenhouse gas produced by the landfill reached a peak in 2010,and reduction of the landfill and increase of the incineration amount led to increase of the greenhouse gas generation from waste incineration.During wastewater treatment,greenhouse gas was generated less with methane (CH4) of about 4,400 to 6,700 t.Emission of greenhouse gas was negatively related with sewage collection rate but positively related with wastewater volume.In all,CO2 and N2O emission from municipal waste treatment increased year by year,and CH4 emission increased first but reduced then.N2O kept increase year by year.Furthermore,solid waste treatment was the most important source for greenhouse gas emission and landfill and incineration should be controlled accordingly.Such measures as strengthening of waste collection and management,technical upgrading,ecological restoration,increase of vegetation carbon sink would be helpful to control and reduce the emission of greenhouse gas from waste treatment in Wuhan.